Economic inequality of people with disabilities in the city of Barcelona Research Results and conclusions Municipal Institute of People with Disabilities Social Rights, Global Justice, Feminisms and LGBTI Area Index What did the research consist of? 1 Method 3 What are the main results 13 of the research? Recommendations 18 Who was involved in this research? 20 barcelona.cat/accessible What did the research The objective of the research is to quantify consist of? the economic strain taken on by people with disabilities and their families in order to maintain the same standard of living as the people around them. The figures for the economic inequality were The Municipal Institute of People with Disabilities calculated by taking into account the support needs (IMPD) promotes a culture of research in public of each disability profile as well as the cover provided administration as a basis for intervention, continual by services and access to current assets. The aim improvement and innovation, applied to the reality is to apply the conclusions about this inequality of people with disabilities. in regard to access to public goods and services, The economic inequality is the additional cost in order to guarantee equality of rights. involved in living with a disability under the same conditions as the people living around them. The specific objectives of the study are as follows: The first study on this economic inequality in • To update the data concerning support needs Catalonia and the rest of Spain was published in 2006. and the cover provided by services. We are now presenting the study “The economic • To extend the age range of the population inequality of people with disabilities in the City considered in the study. of Barcelona”, which updates and extends the content of the previous study. • To include new classes of expenditure and income. The study was promoted by the IMPD and the Catalan Committee of Representatives of People with Disabilities (COCARMI) and was produced by the ESCI-UPF School of International Studies and the Sant Joan de Déu Health Complex. Various leading federations in this field also took part in the production, including: the ECOM Federation, the Catalan Federation of Intellectual Disability (DINCAT), the Catalan Federation of Mental Health and the National Organisation of Spanish Blind People (ONCE). 1 Municipal Institute of People with Disabilities Social Rights, Global Justice, Feminisms and LGBTI Area The objective of the research is to quantify the economic strain taken on by people with disabilities and their families in order to maintain the same standard of living as the people around them. The figures for the economic inequality were The Municipal Institute of People with Disabilities calculated by taking into account the support needs (IMPD) promotes a culture of research in public of each disability profile as well as the cover provided administration as a basis for intervention, continual by services and access to current assets. The aim improvement and innovation, applied to the reality is to apply the conclusions about this inequality of people with disabilities. in regard to access to public goods and services, The economic inequality is the additional cost in order to guarantee equality of rights. involved in living with a disability under the same conditions as the people living around them. The specific objectives of the study are as follows: The first study on this economic inequality in • To update the data concerning support needs Catalonia and the rest of Spain was published in 2006. and the cover provided by services. We are now presenting the study “The economic • To extend the age range of the population inequality of people with disabilities in the City considered in the study. of Barcelona”, which updates and extends the content of the previous study. • To include new classes of expenditure and income. The study was promoted by the IMPD and the Catalan Committee of Representatives of People with Disabilities (COCARMI) and was produced by the ESCI-UPF School of International Studies and the Sant Joan de Déu Health Complex. Various leading federations in this field also took part in the production, including: the ECOM Federation, the Catalan Federation of Intellectual Disability (DINCAT), the Catalan Federation of Mental Health and the National Organisation of Spanish Blind People (ONCE). 2 Method • People with physical disabilities, group 2 (PD2): who require constant support for EAs and for other and they also need occasional help, especially people who have difficulty in moving around and, activities. They need permanent tutelage and for making journeys or for certain EAs. to a certain degree, in manipulating things. constant personal help. They might also have their communication abilities The profiles of people with auditory disabilities The methodological design is the one used affected. They need help with most EAs The profiles of people with mental disorders are: have been divided according to the language that in the Consensual Budget Standards Approach, and with transfers to and from a wheelchair. • People with mental disorders group 1 (MD1): they choose for communicating, as this involves which consists of economically quantifying all • People with physical disabilities, group 3 (PD3): people with a mental disorder who can achieve a different kind of support: the resources that the person with a disability and their immediate circle require in order to satisfy people who have difficulty in moving around, stability by means of appropriate treatment. • People who use spoken language (AD1): people manipulating things and probably also with They are self-sufficient for most EAs and only their needs, as well as the income they obtain. with various degrees of hypoacusis, or hearing communicating. This group also includes those require periodic supervision. impairment, who choose to communicate through people with serious communication problems, • People with mental disorders group 2 (MD2): spoken language, with the support of technical aids whether their ability to move around or manipulate people who, although they follow their proposed and/or lip reading. They are self-sufficient, things is affected or not. They require continual Profiles linked to the type of disability, according treatment, require support. They therefore need but need specialised help (speech therapy, personal support for EAs, transfers, and other to the need for support help with various EAs and continual monitoring. transcription, subtitling, etc.). activities in their daily lives. • People with mental disorders group 3 (MD3): • People who use sign language (AD2): People The methodology is based on the definition of people with a mental health disorder, which is with various degrees of hypoacusis who choose thirteen profiles linked to all the types of disability. The profiles of people with intellectual disabilities a serious condition, in spite of medical monitoring. to communicate using sign language. They are The approximate average expenditure and the average have been divided into three groups, according They consequently need continual personal self-sufficient, but require technical aids income and/or subsidies received. The thirteen to the intensity of the support they require: support and help with EAs. and support for sign-language interpretation, etc. profiles under consideration are briefly outlined • People with intellectual disabilities, group 1 (ID1): below. people with a mild intellectual disability, who are The profiles of people with sensory disabilities self-sufficient for most EAs, but who need support have been subdivided into two groups: Estimating costs The profiles of people with physical disabilities of a supervisory nature and help in making certain • People with visual impairment (VD1): they have decisions. a serious visual disability but conserve either visual In the cost definition phase, the study makes an have been divided into three groups, according to the required need for support: • People with intellectual disabilities, group 2 (ID2): acuity for carrying out activities or the visual field estimate of the factors that may generate economic • People with physical disabilities, group 1 (PD1): people with a moderate intellectual disability, needed to move around without a cane or a guide costs for people with disabilities and their families. who need help with most EAs and also for other dog, through the use of technical or optical aids. Two types of costs are considered: people who have difficulty in moving around but They are self-sufficient and do not require help whose manipulation and communication abilities activities. They need the support of a companion • Direct costs: measuring economic expenditure remain intact. These people are self-sufficient to be self-sufficient. with EAs. on care, services or support elements that have for most everyday activities (EAs) and only need • People with intellectual disabilities, group 3 (ID3): • People who are totally blind (VD2): they need to attend to the person with a disability directly due help on occasion. people with severe intellectual disability, technical aids to improve their quality of life to their disability. 3 Municipal Institute of People with Disabilities Social Rights, Global Justice, Feminisms and LGBTI Area • People with physical disabilities, group 2 (PD2): who require constant support for EAs and for other and they also need occasional help, especially people who have difficulty in moving around and, activities. They need permanent tutelage and for making journeys or for certain EAs. to a certain degree, in manipulating things. constant personal help. They might also have their communication abilities The profiles of people with auditory disabilities The methodological design is the one used affected. They need help with most EAs The profiles of people with mental disorders are: have been divided according to the language that in the Consensual Budget Standards Approach, and with transfers to and from a wheelchair. • People with mental disorders group 1 (MD1): they choose for communicating, as this involves which consists of economically quantifying all people with a mental disorder who can achieve a different kind of support: the resources that the person with a disability • People with physical disabilities, group 3 (PD3): people who have difficulty in moving around, stability by means of appropriate treatment. and their immediate circle require in order to satisfy • People who use spoken language (AD1): people manipulating things and probably also with They are self-sufficient for most EAs and only their needs, as well as the income they obtain. with various degrees of hypoacusis, or hearing communicating. This group also includes those require periodic supervision. impairment, who choose to communicate through people with serious communication problems, • People with mental disorders group 2 (MD2): spoken language, with the support of technical aids whether their ability to move around or manipulate people who, although they follow their proposed and/or lip reading. They are self-sufficient, things is affected or not. They require continual Profiles linked to the type of disability, according treatment, require support. They therefore need but need specialised help (speech therapy, personal support for EAs, transfers, and other to the need for support help with various EAs and continual monitoring. transcription, subtitling, etc.). activities in their daily lives. • People with mental disorders group 3 (MD3): • People who use sign language (AD2): People The methodology is based on the definition of people with a mental health disorder, which is with various degrees of hypoacusis who choose thirteen profiles linked to all the types of disability. The profiles of people with intellectual disabilities a serious condition, in spite of medical monitoring. to communicate using sign language. They are The approximate average expenditure and the average have been divided into three groups, according They consequently need continual personal self-sufficient, but require technical aids income and/or subsidies received. The thirteen to the intensity of the support they require: support and help with EAs. and support for sign-language interpretation, etc. profiles under consideration are briefly outlined • People with intellectual disabilities, group 1 (ID1): below. people with a mild intellectual disability, who are The profiles of people with sensory disabilities self-sufficient for most EAs, but who need support have been subdivided into two groups: Estimating costs The profiles of people with physical disabilities of a supervisory nature and help in making certain • People with visual impairment (VD1): they have decisions. a serious visual disability but conserve either visual In the cost definition phase, the study makes an have been divided into three groups, according to the required need for support: • People with intellectual disabilities, group 2 (ID2): acuity for carrying out activities or the visual field estimate of the factors that may generate economic people with a moderate intellectual disability, needed to move around without a cane or a guide costs for people with disabilities and their families. • People with physical disabilities, group 1 (PD1): who need help with most EAs and also for other dog, through the use of technical or optical aids. Two types of costs are considered: people who have difficulty in moving around but whose manipulation and communication abilities activities. They need the support of a companion They are self-sufficient and do not require help • Direct costs: measuring economic expenditure with EAs. remain intact. These people are self-sufficient to be self-sufficient. on care, services or support elements that have for most everyday activities (EAs) and only need • People with intellectual disabilities, group 3 (ID3): • People who are totally blind (VD2): they need to attend to the person with a disability directly due help on occasion. people with severe intellectual disability, technical aids to improve their quality of life to their disability. 4 • People with physical disabilities, group 2 (PD2): who require constant support for EAs and for other and they also need occasional help, especially people who have difficulty in moving around and, activities. They need permanent tutelage and for making journeys or for certain EAs. to a certain degree, in manipulating things. constant personal help. They might also have their communication abilities The profiles of people with auditory disabilities The methodological design is the one used affected. They need help with most EAs The profiles of people with mental disorders are: have been divided according to the language that in the Consensual Budget Standards Approach, and with transfers to and from a wheelchair. • People with mental disorders group 1 (MD1): they choose for communicating, as this involves which consists of economically quantifying all • People with physical disabilities, group 3 (PD3): people with a mental disorder who can achieve a different kind of support: the resources that the person with a disability stability by means of appropriate treatment. and their immediate circle require in order to satisfy people who have difficulty in moving around, • People who use spoken language (AD1): people They are self-sufficient for most EAs and only their needs, as well as the income they obtain. manipulating things and probably also with with various degrees of hypoacusis, or hearing communicating. This group also includes those require periodic supervision. impairment, who choose to communicate through people with serious communication problems, • People with mental disorders group 2 (MD2): spoken language, with the support of technical aids whether their ability to move around or manipulate people who, although they follow their proposed and/or lip reading. They are self-sufficient, things is affected or not. They require continual Profiles linked to the type of disability, according treatment, require support. They therefore need but need specialised help (speech therapy, personal support for EAs, transfers, and other to the need for support help with various EAs and continual monitoring. transcription, subtitling, etc.). activities in their daily lives. • People with mental disorders group 3 (MD3): • People who use sign language (AD2): People The methodology is based on the definition of people with a mental health disorder, which is with various degrees of hypoacusis who choose thirteen profiles linked to all the types of disability. The profiles of people with intellectual disabilities a serious condition, in spite of medical monitoring. to communicate using sign language. They are The approximate average expenditure and the average have been divided into three groups, according They consequently need continual personal self-sufficient, but require technical aids income and/or subsidies received. The thirteen to the intensity of the support they require: support and help with EAs. and support for sign-language interpretation, etc. profiles under consideration are briefly outlined • People with intellectual disabilities, group 1 (ID1): below. people with a mild intellectual disability, who are The profiles of people with sensory disabilities self-sufficient for most EAs, but who need support have been subdivided into two groups: Estimating costs The profiles of people with physical disabilities of a supervisory nature and help in making certain • People with visual impairment (VD1): they have have been divided into three groups, according to decisions. a serious visual disability but conserve either visual In the cost definition phase, the study makes an the required need for support: • People with intellectual disabilities, group 2 (ID2): acuity for carrying out activities or the visual field estimate of the factors that may generate economic • People with physical disabilities, group 1 (PD1): people with a moderate intellectual disability, needed to move around without a cane or a guide costs for people with disabilities and their families. people who have difficulty in moving around but who need help with most EAs and also for other dog, through the use of technical or optical aids. Two types of costs are considered: They are self-sufficient and do not require help whose manipulation and communication abilities activities. They need the support of a companion • Direct costs: measuring economic expenditure remain intact. These people are self-sufficient to be self-sufficient. with EAs. on care, services or support elements that have for most everyday activities (EAs) and only need • People with intellectual disabilities, group 3 (ID3): • People who are totally blind (VD2): they need to attend to the person with a disability directly due help on occasion. people with severe intellectual disability, technical aids to improve their quality of life to their disability. 5 Municipal Institute of People with Disabilities Social Rights, Global Justice, Feminisms and LGBTI Area • People with physical disabilities, group 2 (PD2): who require constant support for EAs and for other and they also need occasional help, especially people who have difficulty in moving around and, activities. They need permanent tutelage and for making journeys or for certain EAs. to a certain degree, in manipulating things. constant personal help. They might also have their communication abilities The profiles of people with auditory disabilities The methodological design is the one used affected. They need help with most EAs The profiles of people with mental disorders are: have been divided according to the language that in the Consensual Budget Standards Approach, and with transfers to and from a wheelchair. • People with mental disorders group 1 (MD1): they choose for communicating, as this involves which consists of economically quantifying all the resources that the person with a disability • People with physical disabilities, group 3 (PD3): people with a mental disorder who can achieve a different kind of support: and their immediate circle require in order to satisfy people who have difficulty in moving around, stability by means of appropriate treatment. • People who use spoken language (AD1): people their needs, as well as the income they obtain. manipulating things and probably also with They are self-sufficient for most EAs and only with various degrees of hypoacusis, or hearing communicating. This group also includes those require periodic supervision. impairment, who choose to communicate through people with serious communication problems, • People with mental disorders group 2 (MD2): spoken language, with the support of technical aids whether their ability to move around or manipulate people who, although they follow their proposed and/or lip reading. They are self-sufficient, things is affected or not. They require continual Profiles linked to the type of disability, according treatment, require support. They therefore need but need specialised help (speech therapy, personal support for EAs, transfers, and other to the need for support help with various EAs and continual monitoring. transcription, subtitling, etc.). activities in their daily lives. • People with mental disorders group 3 (MD3): • People who use sign language (AD2): People The methodology is based on the definition of people with a mental health disorder, which is with various degrees of hypoacusis who choose thirteen profiles linked to all the types of disability. The profiles of people with intellectual disabilities a serious condition, in spite of medical monitoring. to communicate using sign language. They are The approximate average expenditure and the average have been divided into three groups, according They consequently need continual personal self-sufficient, but require technical aids income and/or subsidies received. The thirteen to the intensity of the support they require: support and help with EAs. and support for sign-language interpretation, etc. profiles under consideration are briefly outlined • People with intellectual disabilities, group 1 (ID1): below. people with a mild intellectual disability, who are The profiles of people with sensory disabilities self-sufficient for most EAs, but who need support have been subdivided into two groups: Estimating costs The profiles of people with physical disabilities of a supervisory nature and help in making certain • People with visual impairment (VD1): they have have been divided into three groups, according to decisions. a serious visual disability but conserve either visual In the cost definition phase, the study makes an estimate of the factors that may generate economic the required need for support: • People with intellectual disabilities, group 2 (ID2): acuity for carrying out activities or the visual field people with a moderate intellectual disability, needed to move around without a cane or a guide costs for people with disabilities and their families. • People with physical disabilities, group 1 (PD1): dog, through the use of technical or optical aids. Two types of costs are considered: people who have difficulty in moving around but who need help with most EAs and also for other They are self-sufficient and do not require help whose manipulation and communication abilities activities. They need the support of a companion • Direct costs: measuring economic expenditure remain intact. These people are self-sufficient to be self-sufficient. with EAs. on care, services or support elements that have for most everyday activities (EAs) and only need • People with intellectual disabilities, group 3 (ID3): • People who are totally blind (VD2): they need to attend to the person with a disability directly due help on occasion. people with severe intellectual disability, technical aids to improve their quality of life to their disability. 6 • Indirect or opportunity costs: measuring the economic value of what a person with a disability or their circle do not have because of the disability. List 1. Categories of costs analysed in the economic inequality of people with disabilities study Expenditure on personal care • Expenditure on EAs. • Cost of specialised care. Expenditure linked to the disability • Housing. • Assets and services. • Travel. • Training and maintenance support. Opportunity costs of individuals • Education levels. • Employment rates. • Salaries. • Effects of early retirement. • Pensions (65 and over). Opportunity costs of the families and the support circle • Carer’s time. • Work environment. • Carer’s quality of life. 7 Municipal Institute of People with Disabilities Social Rights, Global Justice, Feminisms and LGBTI Area The first costs considered are personal care costs, that may be available to people with disabilities. Income aimed at maintaining an adequate quality of life, Most of this cost occurs in the working environment This section analyses the deductions, contributions improving the state of people's health and avoiding –due to difficulties in accessing the job market and subsidies that people with disabilities may any possible worsening of their condition. Personal or lower than average levels of education– qualify for. They often depend on the income care includes two concepts: support everyday and the economic impact directly affects the salary of the person with a disability or their household activities or EAs and specialised care. Everyday received. The analysis of this cost is carried out unit, and they can be of five different types, activities or EAs mean getting out of bed, standing through an approximate calculation of the pay gap as the following graph shows: from a chair, getting dressed and undressing, eating, between the real salaries that people with carrying out personal hygiene, control disabilities receive and the estimated salaries and monitoring of the administration of simple that they should receive, according to the various List 2. Income categories analysed in the economic medication, among others. By specialised care, disability profiles and types. The effects of the inequality of people with disabilities study it is meant those services that make it possible disability situation on early retirement and the to facilitate or improve the skills of people with pensions received have also been taken disabilities in relation to their social and working into account. environments and to reduce their pain (nursing, physiotherapy, speech therapy, etc.). And to round off the evaluation of costs, the opportunity costs of the families and support The second group concerns other costs linked circles have been calculated. This point includes to the disability. These are costs associated with the indirect effects on the family environment, specific adaptations to the home for people with caused by dedicating time to caring for the person disabilities and the expenditure involved in the use with a disability, the reduced opportunities of of specific goods and services related to the the carer at work and the effects on the main carer’s disability (adapted IT, technical and orthopaedic aid, quality of life. This cost is calculated by means as well as extra expenditure on items such as of evaluating concepts such as the hours the carer clothes or leisure time). Furthermore, it includes dedicates to the task, participation in the job market, expenditure on journeys and the adaptation the inherent difficulties for job promotion or access of vehicles for people with reduced mobility, as well to training and the effects on their health and leisure as the cost of support for training and maintenance, time. which also refer to unexpected disabilities. In regard to indirect costs, individual opportunity costs were analysed, understood as being the economic value involved in the fewer alternatives 8 Income The first costs considered are personal care costs, that may be available to people with disabilities. aimed at maintaining an adequate quality of life, Most of this cost occurs in the working environment This section analyses the deductions, contributions improving the state of people's health and avoiding –due to difficulties in accessing the job market and subsidies that people with disabilities may any possible worsening of their condition. Personal or lower than average levels of education– qualify for. They often depend on the income care includes two concepts: support everyday and the economic impact directly affects the salary of the person with a disability or their household activities or EAs and specialised care. Everyday received. The analysis of this cost is carried out unit, and they can be of five different types, activities or EAs mean getting out of bed, standing through an approximate calculation of the pay gap as the following graph shows: from a chair, getting dressed and undressing, eating, between the real salaries that people with carrying out personal hygiene, control disabilities receive and the estimated salaries and monitoring of the administration of simple that they should receive, according to the various List 2. Income categories analysed in the economic medication, among others. By specialised care, disability profiles and types. The effects of the inequality of people with disabilities study it is meant those services that make it possible disability situation on early retirement and the to facilitate or improve the skills of people with pensions received have also been taken disabilities in relation to their social and working into account. environments and to reduce their pain (nursing, physiotherapy, speech therapy, etc.). And to round off the evaluation of costs, the opportunity costs of the families and support The second group concerns other costs linked circles have been calculated. This point includes to the disability. These are costs associated with the indirect effects on the family environment, specific adaptations to the home for people with caused by dedicating time to caring for the person disabilities and the expenditure involved in the use with a disability, the reduced opportunities of of specific goods and services related to the the carer at work and the effects on the main carer’s disability (adapted IT, technical and orthopaedic aid, quality of life. This cost is calculated by means as well as extra expenditure on items such as of evaluating concepts such as the hours the carer clothes or leisure time). Furthermore, it includes dedicates to the task, participation in the job market, expenditure on journeys and the adaptation the inherent difficulties for job promotion or access of vehicles for people with reduced mobility, as well to training and the effects on their health and leisure as the cost of support for training and maintenance, time. which also refer to unexpected disabilities. In regard to indirect costs, individual opportunity costs were analysed, understood as being the economic value involved in the fewer alternatives 9 Municipal Institute of People with Disabilities Social Rights, Global Justice, Feminisms and LGBTI Area The first costs considered are personal care costs, that may be available to people with disabilities. Income aimed at maintaining an adequate quality of life, Most of this cost occurs in the working environment This section analyses the deductions, contributions improving the state of people's health and avoiding –due to difficulties in accessing the job market and subsidies that people with disabilities may any possible worsening of their condition. Personal or lower than average levels of education– qualify for. They often depend on the income care includes two concepts: support everyday and the economic impact directly affects the salary of the person with a disability or their household activities or EAs and specialised care. Everyday received. The analysis of this cost is carried out unit, and they can be of five different types, activities or EAs mean getting out of bed, standing through an approximate calculation of the pay gap as the following graph shows: from a chair, getting dressed and undressing, eating, between the real salaries that people with carrying out personal hygiene, control disabilities receive and the estimated salaries and monitoring of the administration of simple that they should receive, according to the various List 2. Income categories analysed in the economic medication, among others. By specialised care, disability profiles and types. The effects of the inequality of people with disabilities study it is meant those services that make it possible disability situation on early retirement and the to facilitate or improve the skills of people with pensions received have also been taken disabilities in relation to their social and working into account. Income environments and to reduce their pain (nursing, • Non-contributive pensions (6-64 years old). physiotherapy, speech therapy, etc.). And to round off the evaluation of costs, • Guaranteed citizen income. the opportunity costs of the families and support The second group concerns other costs linked circles have been calculated. This point includes Dependency subsidies to the disability. These are costs associated with the indirect effects on the family environment, • Economic benefit linked to the service (PEV). specific adaptations to the home for people with caused by dedicating time to caring for the person • Family carer. disabilities and the expenditure involved in the use with a disability, the reduced opportunities of of specific goods and services related to the the carer at work and the effects on the main carer’s Social care subsidies (PUA) disability (adapted IT, technical and orthopaedic aid, quality of life. This cost is calculated by means • Support products. as well as extra expenditure on items such as of evaluating concepts such as the hours the carer • Mobility. clothes or leisure time). Furthermore, it includes dedicates to the task, participation in the job market, • Visual impairment support. expenditure on journeys and the adaptation the inherent difficulties for job promotion or access • Auditory impairment support. of vehicles for people with reduced mobility, as well to training and the effects on their health and leisure as the cost of support for training and maintenance, time. Deductions which also refer to unexpected disabilities. • Exempted income. • Minimums. In regard to indirect costs, individual opportunity • Tax-base reductions. costs were analysed, understood as being • Capital gains / losses. the economic value involved in the fewer alternatives • Deductions. 10 Other subsidies and income and mobility subsidies, calculating the amount of subsidies paid to people with disabilities • Vehicles VAT • Public transport in the City of Barcelona in 2017, by concept and type • Tax on Mechanically Powered Vehicles (IVTM) of disability. • Rehabilitation subsidies • Review of allocation / exclusion from various concepts In regard to deductions, the study evaluates • Insurance / compensation the impact of disability in average terms, in accordance with the Income Tax Law (IRPF) and it breaks down the impact of disability based Firstly, the non-contributive pensions received on each of the tax declaration concepts for the 2017 by people with disabilities are considered for each financial year. category along with the impact of the guaranteed Lastly, the study analyses and evaluates various citizen income (GCI), which complements both other deductions, benefits and subsidies, including the contributive and non-contributive pensions the subsidy for prostheses and orthotics, of people who are over the age of 18. However, VAT reductions for buying a vehicle, exemption the impact of the GCI on people with disabilities from registration tax, reduced prices on public is not very significant, and it has been excluded transport, exemption and discounts for the from the analysis. mechanically-powered vehicle tax, exemption The section on dependency subsidies includes two from the charge for registering a guide dog, benefits: the economic benefit linked to the service exemption and reductions on pharmaceutical (PEVS), a resource that facilitates the payment co-payment, the subsidy for pharmaceuticals of services in the private sector when it is not excluded from Social Security, respite services, possible to access that service in the public sector, subsidies for renovating residential buildings and the benefit to support the family circle and housing in the City of Barcelona, subsidies and non-professional carers, which is awarded for driving licences and the adaptation of vehicles, to relatives up to a third degree who have been parking cards for people with reduced mobility, acting as carers for over a year at the time public and individual parking reservations, insurance of the application. policies for unexpected disabilities, etc. In all cases, the estimated value of the subsidies are weighted In addition to dependency subsidies, elements according to the percentage of the population with of the Social Care Subsidy Programme (PUA) were disabilities in the City of Barcelona that may qualify analysed for the concepts of support products as beneficiaries. 11 Municipal Institute of People with Disabilities Social Rights, Global Justice, Feminisms and LGBTI Area and mobility subsidies, calculating the amount of subsidies paid to people with disabilities in the City of Barcelona in 2017, by concept and type of disability. In regard to deductions, the study evaluates the impact of disability in average terms, in accordance with the Income Tax Law (IRPF) and it breaks down the impact of disability based Firstly, the non-contributive pensions received on each of the tax declaration concepts for the 2017 by people with disabilities are considered for each financial year. category along with the impact of the guaranteed Lastly, the study analyses and evaluates various citizen income (GCI), which complements both other deductions, benefits and subsidies, including the contributive and non-contributive pensions the subsidy for prostheses and orthotics, of people who are over the age of 18. However, VAT reductions for buying a vehicle, exemption the impact of the GCI on people with disabilities from registration tax, reduced prices on public is not very significant, and it has been excluded transport, exemption and discounts for the from the analysis. mechanically-powered vehicle tax, exemption The section on dependency subsidies includes two from the charge for registering a guide dog, benefits: the economic benefit linked to the service exemption and reductions on pharmaceutical (PEVS), a resource that facilitates the payment co-payment, the subsidy for pharmaceuticals of services in the private sector when it is not excluded from Social Security, respite services, possible to access that service in the public sector, subsidies for renovating residential buildings and the benefit to support the family circle and housing in the City of Barcelona, subsidies and non-professional carers, which is awarded for driving licences and the adaptation of vehicles, to relatives up to a third degree who have been parking cards for people with reduced mobility, acting as carers for over a year at the time public and individual parking reservations, insurance of the application. policies for unexpected disabilities, etc. In all cases, the estimated value of the subsidies are weighted In addition to dependency subsidies, elements according to the percentage of the population with of the Social Care Subsidy Programme (PUA) were disabilities in the City of Barcelona that may qualify analysed for the concepts of support products as beneficiaries. 12 and mobility subsidies, calculating the amount What are the main results of subsidies paid to people with disabilities in the City of Barcelona in 2017, by concept and type of the research? of disability. In regard to deductions, the study evaluates In the process of calculating the economic inequality the impact of disability in average terms, of people with disabilities, costs and incomes have in accordance with the Income Tax Law (IRPF) been compared in order to obtain the figure for that and it breaks down the impact of disability based economic inequality. Firstly, the non-contributive pensions received on each of the tax declaration concepts for the 2017 The results make it possible to: by people with disabilities are considered for each financial year. 1. Identify the economic inequality for each defined category along with the impact of the guaranteed Lastly, the study analyses and evaluates various disability profile. This economic inequality citizen income (GCI), which complements both other deductions, benefits and subsidies, including is quantified according to each disability profile’s the contributive and non-contributive pensions the subsidy for prostheses and orthotics, need for support, the nature of the expenditure of people who are over the age of 18. However, VAT reductions for buying a vehicle, exemption and, for the first time, the group of people above the impact of the GCI on people with disabilities from registration tax, reduced prices on public the age of 65 is taken into account (See Table 1). is not very significant, and it has been excluded transport, exemption and discounts for the from the analysis. 2. Ascertain the effects of age on the evaluation mechanically-powered vehicle tax, exemption of the economic inequality. It is calculated that The section on dependency subsidies includes two from the charge for registering a guide dog, the economic inequality in direct costs for people benefits: the economic benefit linked to the service exemption and reductions on pharmaceutical between the ages of 6 and 64 is lower than that (PEVS), a resource that facilitates the payment co-payment, the subsidy for pharmaceuticals of people aged 65 or over. It has also been of services in the private sector when it is not excluded from Social Security, respite services, established that the effects of opportunity costs possible to access that service in the public sector, subsidies for renovating residential buildings or indirect costs in regard to salaries has a more and the benefit to support the family circle and housing in the City of Barcelona, subsidies significant impact on people of a working age and non-professional carers, which is awarded for driving licences and the adaptation of vehicles, (See Table 2). to relatives up to a third degree who have been parking cards for people with reduced mobility, acting as carers for over a year at the time public and individual parking reservations, insurance 3. Obtain objective data for improving the system of the application. policies for unexpected disabilities, etc. In all cases, of public charges and access to goods the estimated value of the subsidies are weighted and services for people with disabilities, with In addition to dependency subsidies, elements according to the percentage of the population with beneficial effects on the income that each group of the Social Care Subsidy Programme (PUA) were disabilities in the City of Barcelona that may qualify requires in accordance with their needs analysed for the concepts of support products as beneficiaries. for support and their age (See Table 3). 13 Municipal Institute of People with Disabilities Social Rights, Global Justice, Feminisms and LGBTI Area Table 1. Economic inequality of people with disabilities in Barcelona 2017 Economic Economic Total economic inequality for Total economic inequality for DISABILITY inequality direct costs inequality direct costs PROFILE (6 to 64 years old) (65 or above) (6 to 64 years old) (65 or above) PHYSICAL Physical disability 1 (PD1) €32,770.06 €15,340.16 €20,672.61 €14,231.67 Physical disability 2 (PD2) €53,886.52 €31,673.11 €43,961.89 €31,019.67 Physical disability 3 (PD3) €95,312.88 €40,425.11 €81,565.32 €38,808.84 INTELLECTUAL Intellectual disability 1 (ID1) €27,441.01 €10,011.11 €16,128.29 €9,687.35 Intellectual disability 2 (ID2) €40,107.96 €17,894.55 €32,193.06 €19,250.84 Intellectual disability 3 (ID3) €79,063.44 €24,175.67 €70,238.02 €27,481.54 VISUAL Visual impairment (VD1) €26,423.98 €8,994.08 €17,156.96 €10,716.02 Total blindness (VD2) €34,797.16 €12,583.75 €24,470.35 €11,528.13 AUDITORY Spoken language (AD1) €24,870.02 €7,440.12 €20,774.98 €14,334.04 Sign language (AD2) €24,303.69 €6,873.79 €20,124.65 €13,683.71 MENTAL DISORDER Mental disorder 1 (MD1) €26,090.40 €8,660.50 €16,350.91 €9,909.97 Mental disorder 2 (MD2) €38,514.42 €16,301.01 €31,084.93 €18,142.71 Mental disorder 3 (MD3) €83,557.94 €28,670.17 €68,135.94 €25,379.46 14 Municipal Institute of People with Disabilities Social Rights, Global Justice, Feminisms and LGBTI Area The average value of economic inequality for disability (EID) has been calculated based on this data and weighted according to the number of people in the census with each of the thirteen disability profiles, for both age ranges (from 6 to 64 and 65 and over). The total values and the value for direct costs are as follows: Table 2. Index of economic inequality of people with disabilities in Barcelona by age range 2017 Economic Total economic inequality (EID) inequality (EID) for direct costs 6 to 64 years old €41,203,54 €17,743,47 65 or over €36,785,46 €21,111,22 The proposed charges are made based on the ratio of economic inequality assigned to each disability profile with respect to the EID for each age group. The result is a reference table which establishes extreme inequality values, such as the one for the PD3 group up to the age of 64 (227% higher than the average inequality value for this age group) or the MD3 profile, which is 161% higher. The values for each profile and age group are shown in the following table: 15 Table 3. Ratio of the EID for the disability profiles with the average EID, Barcelona by age range 2017 Difference Difference between between economic economic inequality and inequality and DISABILITY EID index EID index PROFILE (6 to 64 years old) (65 or over) PHYSICAL Physical disability 3 (PD1) 86.46% 67.41% Physical disability 2 (PD2) 178.51% 146.93% Physical disability 3 (PD3) 227.83% 183.83% INTELLECTUAL Intellectual disability 1 (ID1) 56.42% 45.89% Intellectual disability 2 (ID2) 100.85% 91.19% Intellectual disability 3 (ID3) 136.25% 130.18% VISUAL Visual impairment (VD1) 50.69% 50.76% Total blindness (VD2) 70.92% 54.61% AUDITORY Spoken language (AD1) 41.93% 67.90% Sign language (AD2) 38.74% 64.82% MENTAL DISORDER Mental disorder 1 (MD1) 48.81% 46.94% Mental disorder 2 (MD2) 91.87% 85.94% Mental disorder 3 (MD3) 161.58% 120.22% 16 Municipal Institute of People with Disabilities Social Rights, Global Justice, Feminisms and LGBTI Area Recommendations • To coordinate actions from a gender perspective, taking into account the predominant role of women as the main carer for the person with The analysis of the economic inequality of people a disability. with disabilities living in the City of Barcelona shows • To structure public policies as part of the need for coordinating public policies which a cross-cutting strategy to support organisations, compensate for this, guaranteeing equality of rights allocating resources and avoiding duplication and avoiding situations of exclusion. Making in order to help to effectively overcome a qualitative leap in public policies that affect inequalities of various types which people with the income and expenditure of people with disabilities and their families have to face. disabilities will ensure that everyone has the same options for developing their life plans. • To improve existing information systems in order The recommendations arising from the study are to facilitate complete, integrated and reliable as follows: information on the disabled population and alleviate the lack of integration of information systems controlled by various bodies, • To include disability as a variable in policies organisations, institutions and associations that concerning social charges; i.e. that taxes, duties work with people with disabilities and/or and public-sector charges for accessing public their families. services should take into account economic • To efficiently and effectively coordinate available inequality according to the type and degree resources, avoiding policies that homogenise of disability. subsidies and treat a clearly heterogeneous group • To promote policies that take into account uniformly. the differential effect of the disabled person’s age • To broaden our knowledge of the economic when quantifying economic inequality inequality suffered by the group of people and the greater significance of indirect costs between the ages of 0 and 5. in proportion to how young the person with a disability is. 17 • To coordinate actions from a gender perspective, taking into account the predominant role of women as the main carer for the person with The analysis of the economic inequality of people a disability. with disabilities living in the City of Barcelona shows • To structure public policies as part of the need for coordinating public policies which a cross-cutting strategy to support organisations, compensate for this, guaranteeing equality of rights allocating resources and avoiding duplication and avoiding situations of exclusion. Making in order to help to effectively overcome a qualitative leap in public policies that affect inequalities of various types which people with the income and expenditure of people with disabilities and their families have to face. disabilities will ensure that everyone has the same options for developing their life plans. • To improve existing information systems in order The recommendations arising from the study are to facilitate complete, integrated and reliable as follows: information on the disabled population and alleviate the lack of integration of information systems controlled by various bodies, • To include disability as a variable in policies organisations, institutions and associations that concerning social charges; i.e. that taxes, duties work with people with disabilities and/or and public-sector charges for accessing public their families. services should take into account economic • To efficiently and effectively coordinate available inequality according to the type and degree resources, avoiding policies that homogenise of disability. subsidies and treat a clearly heterogeneous group • To promote policies that take into account uniformly. the differential effect of the disabled person’s age • To broaden our knowledge of the economic when quantifying economic inequality inequality suffered by the group of people and the greater significance of indirect costs between the ages of 0 and 5. in proportion to how young the person with a disability is. 18 Municipal Institute of People with Disabilities Social Rights, Global Justice, Feminisms and LGBTI Area Who was involved in this research? This research was carried out thanks to the collaboration of the Municipal Institute of People with Disabilities, the ESCI-UPF School of International Studies, the Sant Joan de Déu Health Complex, the COCARMI, the DINCAT Federation, the Catalan Federation of Mental Health, ECOM and ONCE. Steering committee: Alba Mestres. Planning and Evaluation specialist, IMPD. Laura Trujillo. Planning and Evaluation specialist, IMPD. Meritxell Caralt. Technical secretary, COCARMI. Sergi Morera. Head of Planning and Evaluation, IMPD. Research team: Jordi Puig. Associate professor, ESCI-UPF. María Luisa de la Puente. Head of the Quality and Safety Unit, Sant Joan de Déu Health Complex. Marta Segura. Head of studies, ESCI-UPF. Sílvia Àngel. Coordinating psychologist, Sant Joan de Déu Health Complex. 19 Economic inequality of people with disabilities in the city of Barcelona Research Results and conclusions October 2019 Municipal Institute for People with Disabilities Social Rights, Global Justice, Feminisms and LGBTI Area barcelona.cat/accessible