6XPDULR    3UHVHQWDFLyQ   (GLWRULDO $OEHUW6DOHV   7ULEXQD 6LQKRJDULVPR&ULVLVGHGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV/HLODQL)DUKD (O+RXVLQJ)LUVW(OGHUHFKRDODYLYLHQGDGHORVPiVYXOQHUDEOHV0DUWD/OREHW(VWDQ\0DQXHO $JXLODU+HQGULFNVyQ   (QSURIXQGLGDG 1RWHQHUKRJDUSHUMXGLFD \PXFKR ODVDOXG0DUWD3OXMj /RVSUREOHPDVSDUDKDFHUIUHQWHDODKLSRWHFD\VXHIHFWRHQODVDOXGXQHVWXGLRFRQSHUVRQDVGH ODSODWDIRUPDGHDIHFWDGRVSRUODKLSRWHFD/DLD3DOHQFLD+XJR9iVTXH]9HUD&DUPH%RUUHOO /DDWHQFLyQDODVSHUVRQDVVLQKRJDUHQODFLXGDGGH%DUFHORQDXQDPLUDGDKLVWyULFD\GHIXWXUR 0DUtD9LUJLQLD0DWXOLþ'RPDQG]Lþ&DUOHV&DEUp9DFDV$OEHUW*DUFtD*LVSHUW 'HUHFKRDKDELWDUGHUHFKRDYLYLHQGD VRFLDO -RDQ8ULEH9LODUURGRQD (OPRGHOR+RXVLQJ)LUVWHQ(VSDxDUHVXOWDGRVDORVPHVHVGHOSURJUDPD+iELWDW5REHUWR %HUQDG9DQHVD&HQMRU\5HEHFD«@GH DWHQFLyQSULPDULDGHVDOXGHVHQFLDOGHDEULJR\YLYLHQGDEiVLFRVSULPDIDFLHQRHVWiFXPSOLHQGR VXVREOLJDFLRQHVHQYLUWXGGHO3DFWR´/RV(VWDGRVHVWiQOODPDGRVD³GHPRVWUDUTXHKDQ UHDOL]DGRWRGRHVIXHU]RSDUDXWLOL]DUWRGRVORVUHFXUVRVTXHHVWiQDVXGLVSRVLFLyQHQXQHVIXHU]R SRUVDWLVIDFHUFRQFDUiFWHUSULRULWDULRHVDVREOLJDFLRQHVPtQLPDV´  /DOH\LQWHUQDFLRQDOORH[SRQHGHPDQHUDFODUDORV(VWDGRVWLHQHQUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVHQPDWHULD GHGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV\HVWDVVHGHEHQFXPSOLUFRQLQPHGLDWH]$ERUGDUHOVLQKRJDULVPRHVXQD GHHVWDVUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHV  /DVREOLJDFLRQHVLQPHGLDWDVHQHOSODQRGHOVLQKRJDULVPRVRQODDGRSFLyQHLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGH HVWUDWHJLDVH[KDXVWLYDVRULHQWDGDVDORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV(VWDVGHEHQVHxDODUKDFLDREMHWLYRV \SOD]RVWHPSRUDOHVDVtFRPRGHILQLUODVUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVHQWRGRVORVQLYHOHVGHJREHUQDFLyQ /RPiVLPSRUWDQWHHVTXHODVPHGLGDVVHLPSOHPHQWHQVHGHVDUUROOHQ\VHHYDO~HQSRUSDUWHGH SHUVRQDVTXHKD\DQH[SHULPHQWDGRVLQKRJDULVPR±SULQFLSLREiVLFRGHXQPRGHOREDVDGRHQORV GHUHFKRVKXPDQRV  0HGLUHODOFDQFHGHOVLQKRJDULVPRHLQIRUPDUVREUHORVUHVXOWDGRVD\XGDUiDGHSXUDUODV UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVSXGLHQGRLQFRUSRUDUODVHQWRGDVODVHVWUDWHJLDV6LQHPEDUJRODVFLIUDVVyOR UHYHODQXQDSDUWHGHODKLVWRULD/RVWHVWLPRQLRVHLPiJHQHVGHEHUtDQVHUYLUGHFRPSOHPHQWRDODV HVWDGtVWLFDV\DFHQWXDUHOFRPSRQHQWHKXPDQRGHOVLQKRJDULVPRDVtFRPRODVFLUFXQVWDQFLDVTXH OOHYDQDSDGHFHUOR(OORSURSRUFLRQDUtDXQDKHUUDPLHQWDWDQJLEOHSDUDODVSROtWLFDVLPiJHQHVH KLVWRULDVTXHGHVFULEDQODVGHSORUDEOHVFRQGLFLRQHVHQODVTXHYLYHQODVSHUVRQDVVXPLHGRDVHU GHVDKXFLDGDVRVXVXIULPLHQWRFXDQGRVHOHVFRQVLGHUDXQDµSODJD¶RµFXFDUDFKDV¶/DV DVRFLDFLRQHVGHFLXGDGDQRVGHEHQFRQWULEXLUDYLVLELOL]DUHVWDUHDOLGDGFRQHOREMHWLYRGHRIUHFHU XQDSHUVSHFWLYDPiVULJXURVDGHODSUREOHPiWLFD  3 Comité de Derechos económicos, sociales y culturales, observaciones generales apart. 3 (1990), sobre la índole de las obligaciones de los Estados Partes, párr. 10. 4 Ibíd. 4 8QPRGHOREDVDGRHQORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVVLW~DDODVSHUVRQDV±VREUHWRGRDODVPiV YXOQHUDEOHV±HQHOIRFRGHDWHQFLyQ(VHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHTXHODVSHUVRQDVµVLQKRJDU¶VRQ LQGLYLGXRV±VXMHWRVGHGHUHFKR±\VRQHOSXQWRGHSDUWLGDGHWRGDVODVDFFLRQHVTXHHPSUHQGDQ ORV(VWDGRVHQUHODFLyQDOVLQKRJDULVPR(VWHUHFRQRFLPLHQWRLPSRQHXQFDPELRHQHOTXHWRGDV ODVGHFLVLRQHVVHWRPDUiQWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDFyPRDIHFWHQHQORVGHUHFKRVGHORVLQGLYLGXRV\HQ HOREMHWLYRGHDFDEDUFRQHOVLQKRJDULVPR  %DMRHVWHSDUDGLJPDFRPEDWLUODGLVFULPLQDFLyQHVXQDSULRULGDG(VLPSHUDWLYRTXHODVSROtWLFDV GHORV(VWDGRVOH\HV\SURJUDPDVVHDGHF~HQDODVREOLJDFLRQHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV\VHDOHMHQGH HVWHUHRWLSRVQHJDWLYRV(QFXDQWRDORVGHVDKXFLRVIRU]DGRVORV(VWDGRVGHEHQSURKLELUFXDOTXLHU WLSRGHGHVDKXFLRTXHFRQGX]FDDXQDVLWXDFLyQGHVLQKRJDULVPR\UHDOL]DUDVtXQVHJXLPLHQWR GHORVLQGLYLGXRVDVtFRPRRSFLRQHVDGHFXDGDVGHUHDORMR6LQSUHiPEXORV  /RVHMHFXWRUHVGHSODQHVXUEDQtVWLFRVGHEHQJDUDQWL]DUHOFXPSOLPLHQWRGHORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV /RV(VWDGRVHVWiQREOLJDGRVOHJDOPHQWHDUHJXODU\HVWDEOHFHUFRPSURPLVRVFRQODVHPSUHVDVH LQGLYLGXRVFRQHOILQGHJDUDQWL]DUTXHWRGDVVXVPHGLGDV\DFFLRQHVVHHMHU]DQHQFRQVRQDQFLD FRQHOGHUHFKRDXQDYLYLHQGDGLJQD\FRQODSUHYHQFLyQ\GLVPLQXFLyQGHOVLQKRJDULVPR/D HVSHFXODFLyQLQPRELOLDULDHOGHVDUUROORXUEDQtVWLFR\ODVLQYHUVLRQHVQRSXHGHQPHQRVFDEDUORV GHUHFKRVKXPDQRV   3HUVRQDVVLQKRJDUHVWLJPDWL]DGDVGLVFULPLQDGDVH[FOXLGDVFULPLQDOL]DGDV /DVSHUVRQDVVLQKRJDUVHSHUFLEHQFRPRXQJUXSRVRFLDO$QLYHOPXQGLDOVXLGHQWLGDGVH FRQVWUX\H\VHUHIXHU]DSRUSDUWHGHDTXHOODVSHUVRQDVTXHDWHVRUDQPiVTXHHOORVPiVGLQHUR PiVSRGHUPiVLQIOXHQFLD(VXQFtUFXORYLFLRVR/H\HVSROtWLFDVSUiFWLFDVHPSUHVDULDOHV\ FUyQLFDVHQORVPHGLRVUHWUDWDQ\WUDWDQDODVSHUVRQDVVLQKRJDUFRPRµPRUDOPHQWHLQIHULRUHV¶ GHVPHUHFHGRUDVGHDVLVWHQFLDDXWRUDVGHVXSURSLRLQIRUWXQLRFXOSDEOHVGHORVSUREOHPDV VRFLDOHVTXHHOORVHQFDUQDQ8QDYH]HVWLJPDWL]DGDVVXVQHFHVLGDGHVVRQSHRUDWHQGLGDV\OD GLVFULPLQDFLyQ\GHVLJXDOGDGHVDXPHQWDQ  0HKDQOOHJDGRLQQXPHUDEOHVWHVWLPRQLRVGHSHUVRQDVVLQKRJDUTXHUHODWDQODFRQVWDQWH LQWLPLGDFLyQ\DFRVRSRUSDUWHGHDXWRULGDGHV\GHOS~EOLFRHQJHQHUDO6HHQFXHQWUDQFRQXQD QHJDFLyQDODFFHVRDORVVHUYLFLRVEiVLFRVDORVVHUYLFLRVGHGXFKDRDORVVDQLWDULRVSDUDRULQDU\ GHIHFDUVHOHVDPRQWRQD\REOLJDDVDOLUGHODVFLXGDGHV\VHOHVUHFRORFDHQSOD]DVLQKDELWDEOHV VHOHVSLVD\VHOHVLJQRUDVRQREMHWRGHODVIRUPDVH[WUHPDVGHYLROHQFLDTXHLQFOX\HQGHOLWRVGH RGLR\YLROHQFLDVH[XDO\DPHQXGRVRQYtFWLPDVGHDFWRVGHQLJUDQWHV(QHVWDOtQHDDOJXQDV IRUPDVGHVLQKRJDULVPRSHUPDQHFHQWRWDOPHQWHLQYLVLEOHV\DEDQGRQDGDVHQFRQFUHWRHQORV SDtVHVGHOVXUGRQGHHOIHQyPHQRHVUHODWLYDPHQWHGHVFRQRFLGRRGRQGHODEUHFKDHQWUH FRQGLFLRQHVGHYLYLHQGDPX\SUHFDULDV\VLQKRJDULVPRQRHVWiELHQGHILQLGD  7UDWDGRVFRPRµGHVSRMRVKXPDQRV¶\VHJUHJDGRVKDFLDODVSHULIHULDVGHODVVRFLHGDGHVODV SHUVRQDVVLQKRJDUVXIUHQKXPLOODFLRQHVHQHOGtDDGtD&DWHJRUtDVFRPROHJDOLOHJDO IRUPDOLQIRUPDORDSWRQRDSWRVXEUD\DQODGLFRWRPtDDODTXHVHHQIUHQWDQPXFKDVSHUVRQDVVLQ KRJDU/RVGHUHFKRVGHORVLQGLYLGXRVTXHGDQH[FOXLGRVGHODKLVWRULD  6HUXQDSHUVRQDVLQKRJDUVLJQLILFDH[SRQHUVHDODYLROHQFLDYHUODHVSHUDQ]DGHYLGDUHGXFLGDD ODPLWDGVHUPiVSURSHQVRDSDGHFHUHQIHUPHGDGFUyQLFDRWUDVWRUQR\VHUFULPLQDOL]DGRSRUXVDU KHUUDPLHQWDVGHVXSHUYLYHQFLD±LQFOXVRSRUGRUPLURFRPHUHQHOHVSDFLRS~EOLFR(O&RPLWpGH 'HUHFKRV+XPDQRVUHFRQRFHWDPELpQTXHHOVLQKRJDULVPRH[WHQGLGRSURYRFDJUDYHV FRQVHFXHQFLDVGHVDOXG\PXHUWH\H[LJHODDSOLFDFLyQGHPHGLGDVUHDOHVGHVFULWDVHQHODUWtFXOR GHUHFKRDODYLGD SDUDDFDEDUFRQHOVLQKRJDULVPR6LQHPEDUJRHVWHUHFRQRFLPLHQWRQRKD DFHOHUDGRDFFLRQHVGHJRELHUQRFRPRVtKDRFXUULGRFRQODWRUWXUDRHOFRQIOLFWR  5 Ver por ejemplo, PIDCP /C/79/Add.105 (1999), párrafo 12. 5 1RVHWUDWDWDQVyORGHXQDKLVWRULDDLVODGDVLQRGHODH[SHULHQFLDSHUVRQDOGHELOORQHVGH SHUVRQDVVLQKRJDURVLQDFFHVRDXQDYLYLHQGDDGHFXDGD0HKDQH[SOLFDGRDPHQXGRHQWUH OiJULPDVTXHDQWHVTXHFXDOTXLHUFREHUWXUDGHVHJXULGDGORTXHPiVDQVtDQHVHOKHFKRGHVHU µYLVWRV¶UHFRQRFLGRV\WUDWDGRVFRPRVHUHVKXPDQRVFRQHOUHVSHWR\GLJQLGDGLQKHUHQWHV  (QOXJDUGHUHFLELUDSR\RODVSHUVRQDVVLQKRJDUVRQFDGDYH]PiVFULPLQDOL]DGDVEDMRHODPSDUR GHOH\HV\PHGLGDVTXHQRSURWHJHQVXVGHUHFKRV\TXHORVFDOLILFDQGHLQIUDFWRUHV6HFUHDQ OH\HVSDUDLQYLVLELOL]DUDODVSHUVRQDVVLQKRJDUSDUDGHVSOD]DUORVGHVXSDUFHODRYLYLHQGD\SDUD GHVWUXLUVXVUHIXJLRVWHPSRUDOHV3RUHMHPSORHQPXFKRVOXJDUHVKiELWRVGHVXSHUYLYHQFLDFRPR GRUPLURFRPHUHQHVSDFLRS~EOLFRVRQVXVFHSWLEOHVGHPXOWD/DVOH\HVSHUPLWHQDODV DXWRULGDGHV³UHVFDWDU´DORVPHQRUHVHQVLWXDFLyQGHFDOOHSULYiQGROHVGHOLEHUWDGVLQHOGHELGR SURFHVROHJDORHOUHVSHWRKDFLDODVUHGHVVRFLDOHVHQODVTXHVHVXVWHQWDQ  /DWULVWHUHDOLGDGHVTXHODGLVFULPLQDFLyQLQKHUHQWHDOVLQKRJDULVPRWRGDYtDHVSHUDDVHU DERUGDGDGHPDQHUDHIHFWLYDSRUSDUWHGHLQVWLWXFLRQHVQDFLRQDOHVGHGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV LQVWDQFLDVMXUtGLFDVRDGPLQLVWUDFLRQHVPLHQWUDVTXHODOH\VREUHGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVVHxDODKDFLD ODLQWHUYHQFLyQLQPHGLDWDGHORV(VWDGRVSDUDHUUDGLFDUHOSUREOHPD   ¢&yPRKDRFXUULGR" /DUiSLGDXUEDQL]DFLyQJOREDOKDSURGXFLGRXQDLQVyOLWDDFXPXODFLyQGHULTXH]DSDUDXQRVSRFRV DFRPSDxDGDGHSREUH]DFUHFLHQWHSDUDRWURVPXFKRV/DHVSHFXODFLyQLQPRELOLDULD\HOFRQFHSWR GHYLYLHQGDKDQJXLDGRHOGHVDUUROORXUEDQtVWLFRKDFLDHOH[WUHPRRSXHVWRGHODQHFHVLGDGGHOD DVHTXLELOLGDG\GHOUHVSHWRKDFLDORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV  (OVLQKRJDULVPRHVXQDGHODVFRQVHFXHQFLDVPHQRVDERUGDGDVGHODSURORQJDGDGHVLJXDOGDGGH ODLQMXVWDGLVWULEXFLyQGHVXHOR\SURSLHGDG\GHODSREUH]DTXHHVWiQLQFLGLHQGRDHVFDODJOREDO (VHOUHVXOWDGRGHODFRQQLYHQFLDHQWUHORV(VWDGRVODHVSHFXODFLyQLQPRELOLDULD\ORVPHUFDGRV OLEHUDOL]DGRV±DOFRQVLGHUDUODYLYLHQGDFRPRXQDFRPRGLGDG\QRFRPRXQGHUHFKRKXPDQR(V WDPELpQHOUHVXOWDGRGHSULYLOHJLDUODULTXH]D\HOSRGHU\GHVSUHFLDU\HVWLJPDWL]DUDDTXHOORVTXH QRWLHQHQKRJDU  /DVFULVLVILQDQFLHUDVHQWRGRHOPXQGRWDPELpQKDQSURYRFDGRDXPHQWRVVLJQLILFDWLYRVGH VLQKRJDULVPR\KDQKHFKRDIORUDUXQDQXHYDFDWHJRUtDGHSHUVRQDVVLQKRJDU±LQGLYLGXRV IRUPDGRVGHSHUILODOWRTXHPDQWHQtDQXQHOHYDGRHVWLORGHYLGDSHURWUDVHOLPSDFWRGHODFULVLV HFRQyPLFDKDQSDGHFLGRGHVHPSOHR\HQ~OWLPDLQVWDQFLDVLQKRJDULVPR(XURSDQRKDVLGR LQPXQH/DFULVLVHFRQyPLFDGHSRUHMHPSOR\ODVPHGLGDVGHDXVWHULGDGTXHOD DFRPSDxDURQFDXVDURQXQLQFUHPHQWRPDVLYRGHVLQKRJDULVPRHQGLVWLQWRVSDtVHVHXURSHRV LQFOXLGR(VSDxD  $QLYHOPXQGLDOVHREVHUYDODHYLGHQFLDGHXQDFRQVWDQWHORVJRELHUQRVKDQDEDQGRQDGRVX WDUHDFUtWLFDHQODSUHVHUYDFLyQGHODSURWHFFLyQVRFLDO±TXHLQFOX\HODYLYLHQGDDVHTXLEOH±KDQ UHFRUWDGRRSULYDWL]DGRSUHVWDFLRQHVVRFLDOHV\KDQFHGLGRFRPSHWHQFLDVDOPHUFDGRSULYDGR SHUPLWLHQGRTXHpOLWHV\DFWRUHVSULYDGRVFRQDFFHVRDOSRGHU\DOGLQHURFRQWURODUDQyUJDQRV SULQFLSDOHVGHGHFLVLyQ  6 Share No More: The Criminalization of Efforts to Feed People in Need, 2014. (Aquí ya no se reparte: La criminalización de los esfuerzos por alimentar a las personas con necesidad). National Coalition for the Homeless. Online: < http://nationalhomeless.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Food-Sharing2014.pdf>. 7 Para más información, ver la respuesta al cuestionario del Defensor del pueblo español; Olga Theodorikakou et al Neo-homelessness’ and the Greek Crisi (2013) 7:2 Sinhogarismo europeo 203 a 205; Comisión Europea, Sinhogarismo durante la crisis. Nota 8/2011 online: < http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=9847&langId=en> en 4, 8, 15. 8 Respuesta al cuestionario del Instituto Danés de Derechos Humanos. 6 6LELHQODVFDXVDVGHOVLQKRJDULVPRYDUtDQHQIXQFLyQGHORVJUXSRVDPHQXGRVRQORVPiV YXOQHUDEOHVORVSULPHURVDIHFWDGRVPXMHUHVKX\HQGRGHYLROHQFLDFRPXQLGDGHVHQWHUDV GHVSOD]DGDVSRUFRQIOLFWRVRGHVDVWUHVQDWXUDOHVMyYHQHVVLQSRVLELOLGDGGHDFFHVRDXQDYLYLHQGD SRUHGDGRDIDOWDGHGRFXPHQWDFLyQGHVLJXDOGDGHQHODFFHVRDOVXHOROH\HVGHSURSLHGDG GLVFULPLQDWRULDVRSHUVRQDVFRQGLVFDSDFLGDG\SRFDVSHUVSHFWLYDVGHXQHPSOHRVHJXUR\ DGHFXDGR  (OGHQRPLQDGRUFRP~QHQFDVLWRGDVODVFDXVDVHVWUXFWXUDOHVGHVLQKRJDULVPRHVXQDWRPDGH GHFLVLyQ\XQDVSROtWLFDVJXEHUQDPHQWDOHVGHVYLQFXODGDVGHORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV   3ROtWLFDVHVWUDWpJLFDVODFODYHSDUDHOFDPELR 'HVSXpVGHUHXQLUPHFRQYDULRVH[SHUWRVKHPRVSRGLGRLQIHULUTXHVLELHQODUHVSXHVWDHQIRUPD GHPHGLGDVHVSHFtILFDVVHGHEHDPROGDUDFLUFXQVWDQFLDVSHUVRQDOHVODVHVWUDWHJLDVGHEHQVHU VLHPSUHPXOWLIDFWRULDOHV\HVWDUFRQHFWDGDVFRQXQDDPSOLDJDPDGHSROtWLFDV\SURJUDPDV DERUGDQGRGHPDQHUDVLPXOWiQHDWDQWRODH[FOXVLyQVRFLDOFRPRODSUHFDULHGDGKDELWDFLRQDO/R PiVLPSRUWDQWHHVTXHVHDQORVDJHQWHVLPSOLFDGRVTXLHQHVLPSXOVHQODVHVWUDWHJLDV\TXHHVWDV VHIXQGDPHQWHQHQORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV  (O&(6&5KDVHxDODGRODQHFHVLGDGGHHVWUDWHJLDVGHYLYLHQGDLQWHJUDOHVSDUDFRPEDWLUHO VLQKRJDULVPRHQPDUFDGDVHQHOGHUHFKRDODYLYLHQGDFRQHOILQGHDVHJXUDUHOVHJXLPLHQWR\ UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVDVRFLDGDVDORVREMHWLYRVSOD]RV\VLVWHPDVGHUHFODPDFLyQ3DUDOHODPHQWHHQ HOFDVRGHORVQLxRVHQVLWXDFLyQGHFDOOHHO$OWR&RPLVLRQDGRGHORV'HUHFKRV+XPDQRVDERJD SRUXQDFHUFDPLHQWRKROtVWLFRTXHUHFRQR]FDORVGHUHFKRVFRPRLQWHUGHSHQGLHQWHVH LQWHUFRQHFWDGRVDWUDYpVGHXQDUHGFRRUGLQDGDGHGHSDUWDPHQWRVJXEHUQDPHQWDOHVFRQOD LPSOLFDFLyQGHODIDPLOLD\ODFRPXQLGDG  'HVGHODFUHDFLyQGHHVWUDWHJLDVQDFLRQDOHVODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHOSURJUDPD3ULPHURHOKRJDU ODVDFFLRQHVOHJDOHV\ORVPRYLPLHQWRVVRFLDOHVKDVWDHOGHVDUUROORGHFRQVHMRVFLYLOHVGH SDUWLFLSDFLyQQRKD\PHGLGDVXQLYHUVDOHVRVROXFLRQHVOHJLVODWLYDVSDUDHOVLQKRJDULVPR6HGHEH DERUGDUGHP~OWLSOHVPDQHUDVWUDEDMDQGRVREUHODVFDXVDVHVWUXFWXUDOHV\WHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDODV FLUFXQVWDQFLDVSDUWLFXODUHV  6LQXQDFFHVRDODMXVWLFLDORVGHUHFKRVVHFRQYLHUWHQHQXQDTXLPHUD±LPSUHVRVVREUHSDSHO SHURLPSRVLEOHVGHSRQHUHQSUiFWLFD±(ODFFHVRDVROXFLRQHVHIHFWLYDVIXHODSULPHUDPDWHULDGH DQiOLVLVGHO3URWRFROR)DFXOWDWLYRGHO3DFWR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH'HUHFKRV(FRQyPLFRV6RFLDOHV\ &XOWXUDOHVHQUHIHUHQFLDDODVHMHFXFLRQHVKLSRWHFDULDVTXHVHGLFWDQHQ(VSDxDGRQGHVHHVWLPD TXHVHHMHFXWDURQSURFHVRVGHGHVDKXFLRHQWUH\(O&RPLWpUDWLILFyTXHOD JDUDQWtDGHVROXFLRQHVMXGLFLDOHVHIHFWLYDVSRUHOGHUHFKRDXQDYLYLHQGDDGHFXDGDHVREOLJDFLyQ LQPHGLDWDGHORV(VWDGRV\DTXH³QRH[LVWHXQGHUHFKRVLQXQDPHGLGDTXHORDPSDUH´\VRVWXYR TXHHO(VWDGRKDEtDLQIULQJLGRODREOLJDFLyQGHSURYHHUVROXFLRQHVHIHFWLYDVHQHOFRQWH[WRGHODV HMHFXFLRQHVKLSRWHFDULDV  7UDVHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHOSRGHUGHDVHQWDU\UHFODPDUVXVGHUHFKRVDOJXQDVSHUVRQDVVLQKRJDU KDQOOHYDGRVXOXFKDDORVWULEXQDOHV(Q$UJHQWLQDODVSHUVRQDVVLQKRJDUWLHQHQGHUHFKRD DVLVWHQFLDPpGLFDGHEHVHUUHFODPDGDFDVRSRUFDVRGHODQWHGHORVWULEXQDOHV3RUHMHPSORHQHO FDVRGH4&6<YHUVXVHO*RELHUQRGHOD&LXGDG$XWyQRPDGH%XHQRV$LUHVOD&RUWH6XSUHPD GH-XVWLFLDGHOD1DFLyQRUGHQyDOJRELHUQRGH%XHQRV$LUHVSURYHHUGHDWHQFLyQDGHFXDGDDXQD PDGUHVLQKRJDU\DVXKLMRFRQGLVFDSDFLGDG6HHYLGHQFLDDVtTXHVHGHEHUtDQGDUODVPtQLPDV 9 A/HRC/19/35, párr. 30 [Consejo de Derechos Humanos]. 10 I.D.G. v. Spain, Communicado 2/2014. Arrels Fundació Barcelona en su respuesta al Cuestionario estima que, de cada 100.000 personas, 71 son sinhogar en España. 7 JDUDQWtDVGHDFFHVRDXQDYLYLHQGDSDUDDTXHOORVTXHSDGHFHQVLWXDFLRQHVGHH[WUHPD YXOQHUDELOLGDG  &XDOTXLHUFLUFXLWROHJDORDVLVWHQFLDOGHEHDERUGDUSUREOHPDVTXHDIHFWHQDGLIHUHQWHVJUXSRV\ DSR\DUDORVLQGLYLGXRVHQVXVGLILFXOWDGHVSHUVRQDOHVDVtFRPRUHFRQRFHUORVFRPRVXMHWRVGH GHUHFKR8QDHQFXHVWDIRUPXODGDSRUOD)HGHUDFLyQHXURSHDGHVLQKRJDULVPR)($176$UHYHODED TXHODVHVWUDWHJLDVHILFLHQWHVVRQODVTXHHVWiQEDVDGDVHQUHVXOWDGRVHQHOHQIRTXHWUDQVYHUVDO \PXOWLIDFWRULDOHQORVGHUHFKRVHQODSDUWLFLSDFLyQHQORVHVWDWXWRV\ODOHJLVODFLyQHQOD VRVWHQLELOLGDGHQHODERUGDMHGHODVQHFHVLGDGHV\HQXQFULWHULRDVFHQGHQWH  (QWRGRVORVQLYHOHVGHJREHUQDFLyQVHGHEHQIRUPXODUHLPSOHPHQWDUPHGLGDVOH\HV\ HVWUDWHJLDVGHWUDWDPLHQWR\SUHYHQFLyQGHOVLQKRJDULVPR(OIUDFDVRDHVWHUHVSHFWRUHIOHMDODIDOWD GHDERUGDMH\ODIDOWDGHUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHOVLQKRJDULVPRFRPRYLRODFLyQGHORVGHUHFKRV KXPDQRV)DOWDXQFRPSURPLVRFRP~Q±HQWRGRVORVQLYHOHVGHJREHUQDFLyQ±GHJDUDQWtDGH FXPSOLPLHQWRGHOGHUHFKRDXQDYLYLHQGDDGHFXDGDWDQOLJDGRDGHUHFKRVFRPRODYLGDRODVDOXG  7RPDQGRFRPRSXQWRGHSDUWLGDODILUPHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGOHJDOGHJDUDQWL]DUHOFXPSOLPLHQWRGH ORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVSRUSDUWHGHWRGRVORVQLYHOHVGHJREHUQDFLyQORVOHJLVODGRUHVGHEHQ LQFRUSRUDUORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVGHQWURGHVXVOH\HVSROtWLFDV\SURJUDPDVSRUHMHPSOR FRQVXOWDUFRQODVSHUVRQDVVLQKRJDUHOGHVDUUROORGHSROtWLFDV\HOSURFHVRGHLPSOHPHQWDFLyQ ILMDUREMHWLYRV\SOD]RVDOFDQ]DEOHVHQUHODFLyQODVHVWUDWHJLDVLQFOXLUSURFHVRVGHVHJXLPLHQWR\ UHYLVLyQGHORVPHFDQLVPRVSDUDJDUDQWL]DUUHVXOWDGRVVDWLVIDFWRULRV\IRUPXODUXQPHFDQLVPRGH UHFODPDFLyQGHGHUHFKRV\GHDFFHVRDVROXFLRQHV6HWUDWDGHFRQGLFLRQHVHVHQFLDOHVSDUDOD DGHFXDGDLQFOXVLyQGHODVSHUVRQDVVLQKRJDUGHQWURGHGLQiPLFDKXPDQDUHVWDEOHFLHQGRVX GLJQLGDG\UHVSHWR\SURWHFFLyQEDMRHODPSDURGHODOH\   &RQFOXVLyQ /DH[WHQVLyQGHOVLQKRJDULVPRHYLGHQFLDHOIUDFDVRGHORV(VWDGRVHQODSURWHFFLyQ\JDUDQWtDGH ORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVGHODVSREODFLRQHVPiVYXOQHUDEOHV6HHVWiSURGXFLHQGRHQWRGRVORV SDtVHVHQVXVGLVWLQWDVIDVHVGHGHVDUUROORHFRQyPLFRRHQVXVGLVWLQWRVPRGHORVGHJREHUQDFLyQ LQFLGLHQGRGHPDQHUDLPSXQH/DQDWXUDOH]D\DOFDQFHGHOVLQKRJDULVPRVHxDODQXQDIDOWDGH HPSDWtDJOREDOGHODVVRFLHGDGHVKDFLDODHVFDODGHSUHFDULHGDG\KDFLDODSpUGLGDGHGLJQLGDG DVRFLDGDDODVSHUVRQDVVLQKRJDU(VXQIHQyPHQRTXHUHTXLHUHGHDFFLRQHVXUJHQWHVH LQPHGLDWDVSRUSDUWHGHODFRPXQLGDGLQWHUQDFLRQDO\GHWRGRVORV(VWDGRV  (QOXJDUGHVHUFRQVLGHUDGRVFRPRVXMHWRVGHGHUHFKRFX\RVGHUHFKRVKDQVLGR VLVWHPiWLFDPHQWHQHJDGRVODVSHUVRQDVVLQKRJDUVHKDQFRQYHUWLGRHQXQJUXSRHVWLJPDWL]DGR REMHWRGHFULPLQDOL]DFLyQGLVFULPLQDFLyQ\H[FOXVLyQVRFLDO6HJ~QOH\LQWHUQDFLRQDOHVWRHV LQDGPLVLEOH4XHGDHVWDEOHFLGRDVtTXHORV(VWDGRVGHEHQFXPSOLUFRQREOLJDFLRQHVLQPHGLDWDV SDUDHUUDGLFDUHOVLQKRJDULVPR0iVFRQFUHWDPHQWHHOVLQKRJDULVPR\ODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHODV SHUVRQDVVLQKRJDUGHEHQVHUXQDSULRULGDGHQWRGRVORVQLYHOHVGHJREHUQDFLyQ  /RV2EMHWLYRVGH'HVDUUROOR6RVWHQLEOH 2'6 KDQRIUHFLGRDORV(VWDGRVODRSRUWXQLGDGGHDMXVWDU ODOHJLVODFLyQ\ODVSROtWLFDVGHYLYLHQGD\GHDGRSWDUXQPRGHOREDVDGRHQORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV (QFRQVRQDQFLDFRQHOREMHWLYRGHORV2'6LQVWRDTXHWRGRVORV(VWDGRVVHFRPSURPHWDQD HOLPLQDUHOVLQKRJDULVPRHQRDQWHVVLHVSRVLEOH(VQHFHVDULRVLTXHUHPRVJDUDQWL]DUTXH QDGLH³VHTXHGHHQHOFDPLQR´  11 Corte Suprema de Justicia Nacional, Q.C.S.Y (caso de Sonia Quisbeth Castro). c/GCBA s/amparo, 24 Abril 2012. Ver Ministerio Público de la Defensa de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the City of Buenos Aires. (Derechos económicos, sociales y culturales en la ciudad de Buenos Aires), Octubre 2015, pág. 64-67. 8 /RVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVSURSRUFLRQDQHOFRQRFLPLHQWRODVEDVHV\HOHQIRTXHQHFHVDULRVSDUD WRGRVORV(VWDGRVORTXHIDOWDHVODYROXQWDGSDUDSRQHUHQSUiFWLFDWDOHVGHUHFKRV              (O+RXVLQJ)LUVW(OGHUHFKRDODYLYLHQGDGHORVPiVYXOQHUDEOHV 0DUWD/OREHW(VWDQ\0DQXHO$JXLODU+HQGULFNVyQ8QLYHUVLGDGGH%DUFHORQD   (OPRGHOR+RXVLQJ)LUVWFRPRSUR\HFWRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQRFRPRSUR\HFWRGHLQWHUYHQFLyQ HQHOFDPSRGHOVLQKRJDULVPRRULHQWDGRLQLFLDOPHQWHDSHUVRQDVTXHKDFHPiVGHXQDxR TXHHVWiQHQODFDOOHFRQSUREOHPDVJUDYHVGHVDOXGPHQWDO\RDGLFFLRQHVVHSUHVHQWD FRPRXQDLQQRYDFLyQVRFLDO)XHH[SHULPHQWDGRSRUSULPHUDYH]HQ1XHYD+RXVLQJ)LUVW$JUXSDGRRHQYLYLHQGDWXWHODGDFROHFWLYD@TXHRIUHFHYLYLHQGDLQGHSHQGLHQWH\ JDUDQWL]DGDHQHGLILFLRVGHGLFDGRVDODYLYLHQGDFRQDSR\R\QRHQDSDUWDPHQWRVGLVSHUVRVFRPR KDFH3DWKZD\V+RXVLQJ)LUVW(VWRVSURJUDPDVLQFOX\HQODRIHUWDGHVHUYLFLRVGHDSR\RGH LQWHQVLGDGHOHYDGDTXHFRPRYHUHPRVPiVDGHODQWHSXHGHQWHQHUIRUPDVGLYHUVDV(VWH DORMDPLHQWRFRQDSR\RLQWHQVRVHFRQRFHWDPELpQFRQHOQRPEUHGH6XSSRUWLYH+RXVLQJDXQTXH ORVSURJUDPDVDVtGHQRPLQDGRVSXHGHQHVWDUGLULJLGRVDVLWXDFLRQHVGLIHUHQWHVGHOVLQKRJDULVPR  ‡3URJUDPDVGLULJLGRVDSHUVRQDVVLQKRJDUFRQQHFHVLGDGHVPiVUHGXFLGDVRVLQSUREOHPDV VRFLDOHVRGHVDOXGHVSHFLDOHV\TXHSXHGHQLUGHVGHHOVLQKRJDULVPRGHODUJDGXUDFLyQKDVWD VLWXDFLRQHVGHULHVJRGHTXHGDUVLQKRJDU SRUHMHPSORDPHQD]DGRVGHGHVDKXFLRLQPLQHQWH  (VWRVSURJUDPDVSXHGHQLQFOXLUXQDRIHUWDGHVHUYLFLRVGHDSR\RGHPHQRULQWHQVLGDGRLQFOXVRQR LQFOXLUOD\UHPLWLUODVSRVLEOHVVLWXDFLRQHVGHQHFHVLGDGGHDSR\RDVHUYLFLRVJHQHUDOHVGHO WHUULWRULR/RVSURJUDPDVGHHVWDVHJXQGDPRGDOLGDGGH+RXVLQJOHGUHFLEHQQRPEUHVGLYHUVRV FRPR+RXVLQJ)LUVW/LJKW 3OHDFH R5DSLG5HKRXVLQJ>UHDORMDPLHQWRUiSLGR@ 3 (OUHVWRGHODUWtFXORORGHGLFDPRVDDQDOL]DUHOSULPHUWLSRGHSURJUDPDV\XWLOL]DUHPRV LQGLVWLQWDPHQWHORVWpUPLQRV3DWKZD\V+RXVLQJ)LUVW\+RXVLQJ)LUVWSDUDKDEODUGHHOOR   &yPRIXQFLRQD 3DWKZD\V +RXVLQJ)LUVW" (O+RXVLQJ)LUVWXQPRGHORGHLQWHUYHQFLyQSDUDSHUVRQDVVLQKRJDUFRQGLILFXOWDGHVSHUVRQDOHV GHVDOXGPHQWDO\VRFLDOHVJUDYHVTXHSRQHHQHOFHQWURHOGHUHFKRDXQKRJDUSURSLR3DUWHGHOD LGHDGHTXHGLVSRQHUGHXQDYLYLHQGDSURSLDGLJQD\DGHFXDGDHVXQSXQWRGHSDUWLGD\XQD FRQGLFLyQQHFHVDULDSDUDODPHMRUD\UHFXSHUDFLyQGHODSHUVRQD\QRHOUHVXOWDGRILQDOGHO SURFHVR(QHVWHPRGHORVHIDFLOLWDHODFFHVRDXQDYLYLHQGDLQGHSHQGLHQWH\HVWDEOHVLQLPSRQHU FRQGLFLRQHVGHSUHSDUDFLyQSUHYLDFRPRSRUHMHPSORVHJXLUXQWUDWDPLHQWRSVLTXLiWULFRR DEDQGRQDUFRQVXPRVSUREOHPiWLFRV\VHRIUHFHXQDSR\RSURIHVLRQDO\HODFFHVRDORVVHUYLFLRV HQIXQFLyQGHODVQHFHVLGDGHV\VHJ~QHOFULWHULRGHHOHFFLyQGHODSHUVRQD3DUWHGHOSULQFLSLRGH TXHHVPiVIiFLOSDUDXQDSHUVRQDKDFHUVHFDUJRGHODSURSLDYLGDFXDQGRHVWiDORMDGDHQVX FDVDTXHVLHVWiHQODFDOOHRDORMDGDWHPSRUDOPHQWHHQGLIHUHQWHVUHFXUVRV *DHW]HWDO  -XQWRFRQHVWHDFFHVRUiSLGR\DXWyQRPRDODYLYLHQGDHO+RXVLQJ)LUVWVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUXQD LQWHUYHQFLyQSVLFRVRFLDOGHDOWDLQWHQVLGDG  (VWHPRGHORFRQVWLWX\HXQDLQQRYDFLyQXQFDPELRGHSDUDGLJPDGHDWHQFLyQVRFLDO\VDQLWDULD FRQODVSHUVRQDVVLQKRJDUHQVLWXDFLyQPiVFUyQLFD¢(QTXpFRQVLVWHHVWHPRGHOR"¢4XpWLHQH GHGLIHUHQWHUHVSHFWRDRWURVPRGHORV"¢(VUHDOPHQWHPiVHIHFWLYRHVWHPRGHORTXHRWURV"¢&XiO HVHOFRVWHGHODLPSODQWDFLyQGHHVWHPRGHOR"¢(QTXpFRQVLVWHODLQWHUYHQFLyQEDVDGDHQXQD OyJLFDGHGHUHFKRV\GHUHFXSHUDFLyQGHODSHUVRQD"¢4XpFDPELRVVHSURGXFHQDOIDFLOLWDUHO DFFHVRDXQDYLYLHQGDDSHUVRQDVHQVLWXDFLyQGHIXHUWHYXOQHUDELOLGDG"  +RXVLQJ)LUVWFRPLHQ]DSRUHO©ILQDOªHVGHFLUIDFLOLWDHODFFHVRDODYLYLHQGDHVWDEOHFRPR HOHPHQWRTXHSXHGHIDYRUHFHUODLQFRUSRUDFLyQVRFLDO 0RXODHUWHWDO (VWD©LQYHUVLyQªGHO RUGHQWUDGLFLRQDOGHODLQWHUYHQFLyQQDFHGHOFXHVWLRQDPLHQWRGHODHILFDFLDGHORVPRGHORV WUDGLFLRQDOHVTXHUHVSRQGHQDOHVTXHPDGHOD(VFDODGHDWHQFLyQ6XOyJLFDHVTXHODVSHUVRQDV WLHQHQTXHVXSHUDUYDULDVHWDSDVDQWHVGHHVWDUHQFRQGLFLRQHVGHDFFHGHUDXQDYLYLHQGD DXWyQRPD\SDVDQGRSRUODDFHSWDFLyQGHXQSODQGHLQWHUYHQFLyQ(OPRGHORGH(VFDODGH DWHQFLyQFRQVLGHUDTXHODVSHUVRQDVFRQSUREOHPDVGHGURJDV\RGHVDOXGPHQWDOQRHVWiQ SUHSDUDGDVSDUDYLYLUHQXQDYLYLHQGD\GHEHQVHJXLUXQSURFHVRJUDGXDOSDVRDSDVRKDVWD OOHJDUDODLQVHUFLyQUHVLGHQFLDO  (OPRGHOR+RXVLQJ)LUVWKDJHQHUDGRH[SHFWDWLYDV\SRVLFLRQHVPX\IDYRUDEOHVHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQ FXDQWRDODPHMRUDGHODVSHUVRQDVSDUWLFLSDQWHV RXVXDULDV \ODUHGXFFLyQGHFRVWHVGH LQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DFLyQ+DJHQHUDGRGXGDVUHVSHFWRDODPHMRUDGHODVUHODFLRQHVVRFLDOHVDVtFRPR LQWHUURJDQWHVVREUHVXSXHVWDHQSUiFWLFD7DPELpQKDJHQHUDGRFUtWLFDVFXDQGRVHSUHVHQWD FRPROD~QLFDUHVSXHVWDSDUDDFDEDUFRQHOVLQKRJDULVPRRFXDQGRVHRULHQWDODILQDQFLDFLyQ S~EOLFDKDFLDHVWHWLSRGHPRGHORHQGHWULPHQWRGHRWURV$FRQWLQXDFLyQDQDOL]DUHPRVOD GHILQLFLyQ\ODILORVRItDGHOPRGHORORVSULQFLSLRVDOJXQDVFXHVWLRQHVFUtWLFDVTXHKDQLGHQWLILFDGR GLIHUHQWHVFRQWH[WRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ HVSHFLDOPHQWHHQ$PpULFDGHO1RUWH(XURSD\$XVWUDOLD   /RVRUtJHQHVGHOPRGHOR $QWHVGHODH[SHULHQFLDSLRQHUDHQ1XHYD&iULWDV(VSDxROD@(OVLVWHPDGHJDUDQWtDGHLQJUHVRV PtQLPRVHQ(VSDxD\ODUHVSXHVWDXUJHQWHTXHUHTXLHUHODFULVLVVRFLDO0DGULG)2(66$±&iULWDV  /DWLPHU(5DERXLQ'0pWKRW&HWDO3URMHW&KH]6RL5DSSRUWILQDOGXVLWHGH0RQWUpDO &DOJDU\&RPPLVVLRQGHODVDQWpPHQWDOHGX&DQDGD  /OREHW(VWDQ\0%DLOOHUJHDX( 7KLURW0/RV©SHHUZRUNHUVª\ODSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHODV SHUVRQDV\FROHFWLYRVHQVLWXDFLyQGHH[FOXVLyQVRFLDO&XDGHUQRVGH7UDEDMR6RFLDO    0F&DUUROO&3DWKZD\VWRKRXVLQJWKHKRPHOHVV&KULVWLDQ6FLHQFH0RQLWRU  SS   0F1DXJKWRQ1LFKROOV& $WKHUWRQ,+RXVLQJ)LUVW&RQVLGHULQJ&RPSRQHQWVIRU 6XFFHVVIXO5HVHWWOHPHQWRI+RPHOHVV3HRSOHZLWK0XOWLSOH1HHGV+RXVLQJ6WXGLHV  SS   0RXODHUW)0F&DOOXP'0HKPRRG$ +DPGRXFK$7KHLQWHUQDWLRQDOKDQGERRNRQ VRFLDOLQQRYDWLRQFROOHFWLYHDFWLRQVRFLDOOHDUQLQJDQGWUDQVGLVFLSOLQDU\UHVHDUFK(GZDUG(OJDU 3XEOLVKLQJ&KHOWHQKDP  14 3HOOHWLHU-)3LDW0&{Wp6 'RUYLO+ HGV +pEHUJHPHQWORJHPHQWHW UpWDEOLVVHPHQWHQVDQWpPHQWDOHSRXUTXRLHWFRPPHQWIDLUHpYROXHUOHVSUDWLTXHV"3UHVVHVGH O 8QLYHUVLWpGX4XpEHF4XpEHF  3OHDFH1/HORJHPHQWG DERUG',+$/)($176$3DULV  6FK|Q'$ %D\R-(OSURIHVLRQDOUHIOH[LYRFyPRSLHQVDQORVSURIHVLRQDOHVFXDQGR DFW~DQ3DLGy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¶H[HPSOH             1RWHQHUKRJDUSHUMXGLFD \PXFKR ODVDOXG 0DUWD3OXMj$QiOLVLVVRFLDO&iULWDV'LRFHVDQDGH%DUFHORQD   (QPRPHQWRVFRPRHODFWXDOHQHOTXHODFULVLVHFRQyPLFDJOREDO\JOREDOL]DGDVDFXGHFRQ IXHU]DODVHFRQRPtDVIDPLOLDUHV\TXHWLHQHFRPRXQDGHVXVSULPHUDVFRQVHFXHQFLDVOD SUHFDUL]DFLyQGHODYLYLHQGDODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHYLGDGHPXFKDVGHODVSHUVRQDVDWHQGLGDV SRUORVVHUYLFLRVGH&iULWDVVHGHWHULRUDQFDGDYH]PiV\UHSHUFXWHQQRVRORHQVXGtDD GtDVLQRWDPELpQ௅\VREUHWRGR௅HQVXHVWDGRGHVDOXG  &iULWDV'LRFHVDQDGH%DUFHORQDSUHVHQWyS~EOLFDPHQWHHOLQIRUPH&RQWHFKR\VLQKRJDU(IHFWRV GHODYLYLHQGDSUHFDULDVREUHODYLGDGHODVSHUVRQDVGH%DUFHORQD8QDPHQFLyQHVSHFLDODODV IDPLOLDVFRQKLMRVFRLQFLGLHQGRFRQODFDPSDxDTXHUHDOL]DFDGDDxRHQ1DYLGDG(UDHODxR \SHVHDTXHODVLWXDFLyQKDPHMRUDGRORTXHHVWHLQIRUPHSRQtDHQHYLGHQFLDWRGDYtDVH PDQWLHQHPX\YLJHQWH  (VWHLQIRUPHQDFtDGHODSUHRFXSDFLyQGH&iULWDVSRUHOWHPDGHODYLYLHQGD8QDLQTXLHWXGTXH YLHQHGHOHMRVFRPRORSUXHEDQORVGLYHUVRVHVWXGLRVHLQIRUPHVTXHKDLGRSXEOLFDQGRVREUHHVWH DVXQWRGHVGHKDVWDODDFWXDOLGDG3HURHQHVWDRFDVLyQVHGLRXQSDVRPiV\VHGHWXYRHQ HODQiOLVLV\ODUHIOH[LyQVREUHFyPRDIHFWDODIDOWDGHXQDYLYLHQGDGLJQDWDQWRHQODVFRQGLFLRQHV GHYLGDGHODVSHUVRQDVFRPRHQVXVDOXG  1RVHSRQtDQVREUHODPHVDVLWXDFLRQHVQXHYDV/DKLVWRULDHVFtFOLFD\HQPRPHQWRVSDUHFLGRV HQORVTXHVHGDQDOPLVPRWLHPSRFULVLVHFRQyPLFDHLPSRUWDQWHVIOXMRVPLJUDWRULRV KDFHVHLV DxRVODPLJUDFLyQWRGDYtDHUDXQIHQyPHQRGHVWDFDEOH ODVUHVSXHVWDVDOSUREOHPDGHODFFHVRD ODYLYLHQGDKDQVLGRVLPLODUHVSHQVLRQHVKDELWDFLyQGHUHDOTXLOHUEDUUDTXLVPRHWF/DV GLIHUHQFLDVHQWUHODVVROXFLRQHVDGRSWDGDVSRUQXHVWURVSDGUHV\DEXHORVVRQPtQLPDVFRQ UHVSHFWRDODVTXHKDQWRPDGRODVJHQHUDFLRQHVDFWXDOHV   ¢4XpHVXQWHFKR\TXpHVXQKRJDU" 3DUWLPRVGHODWHVLVGHTXHXQWHFKRHVXQOXJDUGRQGHSURWHJHUVHGHODVLQFOHPHQFLDVGHOWLHPSR EiVLFDPHQWH(QQLQJ~QFDVRVHOHSXHGHGDUDOWHFKRHOSOHQRVLJQLILFDGRGHXQKRJDUHOOXJDU HQHOTXHVHUSHUVRQDFRQWRGRVXVHQWLGR  (OWHFKRGHWHUPLQDXQDIRUPDSUHFDULDGHYLYLU\VHGHILQHVHJ~QJUDGRVGLIHUHQWHVGHSUHFDULHGDG \H[FOXVLyQUHVLGHQFLDOGHVGHORVFDVRVPiVH[WUHPRVGHYLYLUOLWHUDOPHQWHHQODFDOOHRYLYLUHQ DOEHUJXHVRUHIXJLRVGHVHUYLFLRVVRFLDOHVDFRPSDUWLUYLYLHQGDRYLYLUHQXQDYLYLHQGDPDVLILFDGD (VWDVIRUPDVGHYLYLUDFXELHUWRVRQIRUPDVTXHOD)HGHUDFLyQ(XURSHDGH$VRFLDFLRQHV 1DFLRQDOHVTXH7UDEDMDQFRQ3HUVRQDVVLQ+RJDU±yUJDQRFRQDSR\RGHOD&RPLVLyQ(XURSHD±  Barcelona Societat 5HYLVWDGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ\DQiOLVLVVRFLDO              'LFLHPEUH  3DODEUDVFODYHFULVLVYLYLHQGD H[FOXVLyQVDOXG 2 GHILQHHQWUHFHFDWHJRUtDV (7+26 FRPR©VLWXDFLRQHVGHH[FOXVLyQUHVLGHQFLDOª\VREUHHVWD FRQYHQFLyQVHWUDEDMDDQLYHOHXURSHRHQSROtWLFDVVRFLDOHV(VWDVFDWHJRUtDVYDQGHVGHYLYLUHQ HVSDFLRVS~EOLFRVRQRGLVSRQHUGHYLYLHQGDKDVWDVLWXDFLRQHVGHYLYLHQGDLQVHJXUDRLQDGHFXDGD 3RUFRQWUDHOKRJDUVHGHILQHSRUODVSHUVRQDV\QRSRUHOWHFKRTXHODVSRQHDFXELHUWR(QOD &DPSDxDGHODV3HUVRQDVVLQ+RJDUGHOD&RQIHGHUDFLyQGH&iULWDV(VSDxRODILJXUDED\D XQDDSUR[LPDFLyQEDVWDQWHDILQDGDGHORTXHQXHVWUDLQVWLWXFLyQHQWLHQGHSRUKRJDU³6HWUDWDGH FUHFHUHQHOVHQWLPLHQWRGHKRJDUFRPRVHQWLGR\YLYHQFLDGRQGHHQFXHQWURHOFDORUSRUTXH SHUWHQH]FRPHVLHQWRSURWHJLGDSXHGRFUHFHUVLORGHVHRSXHGRDSUHQGHUFRPSDUWLUVRxDU MXJDUSRUTXHVLPHIDOWDDOLPHQWRRYLYLHQGDHVWH FDORUFRPXQLGDG PHHQYXHOYHPHDSR\D\PH VLUYHGHSODWDIRUPDSDUDYROYHUDHPSH]DU7HQJRKRJDUSRUTXHDPLDOUHGHGRUHQFXHQWURUHGHV GHDSR\RPHUHODFLRQRHVWDEOH]FRYtQFXORV\ORVHVWDEOHFHQFRQPLJRWRGRVDTXHOORVTXHPH URGHDQ´ 2OHD   1RQRVGHEHSDVDUSRUDOWRHOKHFKRGHTXHDXQTXHHODFFHVRDXQKRJDUHVXQGHUHFKRKXPDQR XQLYHUVDOUHFRJLGRHQOD'HFODUDFLyQ8QLYHUVDOGHORV'HUHFKRV+XPDQRV\WDPELpQXQGHUHFKR VRFLDOFRQVWLWXFLRQDOSDUDORVHVSDxROHVQRVHWUDWDGHXQGHUHFKRUHDOVLQRTXHVHHQWLHQGH FRPRXQSULQFLSLRUHFWRURVHDTXHQRHVGLUHFWDPHQWHH[LJLEOH  3HURWDPSRFRGHEHPRVSHFDUGHLQJHQXRV\FUHHUTXHHODFFHVRDXQDYLYLHQGDVROXFLRQDWRGRV ORVSUREOHPDVSRUTXHSRUVtVRORQRJDUDQWL]DODLQWHJUDFLyQHVPiVHQGHWHUPLQDGDV FLUFXQVWDQFLDV LQVHJXULGDGSUHFDULHGDGGHWHULRUR SXHGHVHUHOGHWRQDQWHGHODH[FOXVLyQ VRFLDO/DVFRQGLFLRQHVItVLFDVODDFFHVLELOLGDG\HOFRQWH[WRSXHGHQGHWHUPLQDUTXpVHFRQYLHUWH HQKRJDU\TXpQR  6RORKD\TXHYHUFyPRHOHQWRUQRSXHGHOOHJDUDGHWHUPLQDUHOGHVDUUROORSHUVRQDO\VRFLDOGHODV SHUVRQDVLQPHUVDVORVEDUULRVSREUHVQRGHMDQGHVHUSREUHVVLQRVHLQYLHUWHHQHOORV(OSDUR ODVGURJRGHSHQGHQFLDVRHOIUDFDVRHVFRODUVHSXHGHQSHUSHWXDUHQGHWHUPLQDGRVVHFWRUHVGHODV FLXGDGHV\SXHEORVFUHDQGRJXHWRVGHPDUJLQDFLyQHQORVTXHVRORDOJXQRVGHVXVKDELWDQWHV ORJUDQVXELUHQHODVFHQVRUVRFLDOSHURGRQGHODPD\RUtDVHYHFRQGHQDGDDUHSURGXFLUXQDV PLVPDVFRQGLFLRQHVGHYLGD  7LHQHPXFKRTXHYHUHQHVWRHOGLVHxRGHODFLXGDG\FyPRVHKDSHQVDGRHQHOXVRGHOHVSDFLR S~EOLFRFyPRVHKDQFUHDGRHVWRVEDUULRVTXpGLVHxRWLHQHQFyPRVHKDQGRWDGRGHVHUYLFLRV HWF3HURWDPELpQFyPRKDQVLGRWUDWDGRVVRFLDOPHQWHDWHQFLyQVRFLDOVHUYLFLRVVDQLWDULRV HVFRODUL]DFLyQUHFXUVRVFXOWXUDOHV&DGDYH]VHOLPLWDPiVHOXVRGHOHVSDFLRS~EOLFR\VHWLHQGH DFULPLQDOL]DUODSREUH]DHQIDYRUGHEHQHILFLRVSROtWLFRHFRQyPLFRV   8QDVDOLGDHQWLHPSRVGHFULVLV /DPRGDOLGDGPD\RULWDULDGHWHQHQFLD\XVRGHODYLYLHQGDHQOD&DWDOXxD±WDPELpQHQ(VSDxD± GHILQDOHVGHOVLJOR;;\SULQFLSLRVGHO;;,HVODSURSLHGDG(VWHKHFKRFRQGLFLRQD\PXFKROD VLWXDFLyQGHSUHFDULHGDGHQODTXHVHKDOODODSREODFLyQGHUHQWDVPHGLDV\EDMDVHQFXDQWRDOD FDOLGDGGHODYLYLHQGD  7RGDVODVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVODSXEOLFLGDGLQVWLWXFLRQDOWRGDODFR\XQWXUDVHKDRULHQWDGRKDFLDOD FRPSUDYHQWDGHYLYLHQGDV&RQVXOWDDEULO@     12                                             /RVSUREOHPDVSDUDKDFHUIUHQWHDODKLSRWHFD\VXHIHFWRHQODVDOXGXQHVWXGLR FRQSHUVRQDVGHODSODWDIRUPDGHDIHFWDGRVSRUODKLSRWHFD /DLD3DOHQFLD+XJR9iVTXH]9HUD&DUPH%RUUHOO   6HKDOOHJDGRDODFRQFOXVLyQGHTXHODSUREDELOLGDGGHWHQHUPDODVDOXGSHUFLELGDHQODV SHUVRQDVDIHFWDGDVSRUODKLSRWHFDFDVLWULSOLFDODGHODSREODFLyQFDWDODQD(QFRQFUHWRHO SRUFHQWDMHGHKRPEUHVHQFXHVWDGRVTXHGHFODUyWHQHUPDODVDOXG VDOXGUHJXODURPDOD  IXHGHXQPLHQWUDVTXHHVWHSRUFHQWDMHHVGHXQHQHOJOREDOGHORVKRPEUHV FDWDODQHV(QFXDQWRDODVPXMHUHVFDVLXQGHFODUyVXIULUPDODVDOXGVLHQGRHVWH SRUFHQWDMHGHXQHQHOWRWDOGHPXMHUHVFDWDODQDV(QFXDQWRDODVDOXGPHQWDOORV UHVXOWDGRVIXHURQD~QPiVLPSDFWDQWHV(QWUHODVSHUVRQDVDIHFWDGDVSRUODKLSRWHFDXQ GHORVKRPEUHV\XQGHODVPXMHUHVWHQtDQPDODVDOXGPHQWDOPLHQWUDVTXHHQHO JOREDOGHODSREODFLyQFDWDODQDHVWRVSRUFHQWDMHVVRQGHDOUHGHGRUGHXQ\ UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH(VWHHVWXGLRKDHYLGHQFLDGRTXHODVSHUVRQDVFRQSUREOHPDVSDUDKDFHU IUHQWHDODKLSRWHFD\HQSURFHVRVGHHMHFXFLyQKLSRWHFDULDWLHQHQSHRUHVLQGLFDGRUHVGH VDOXGTXHODSREODFLyQJHQHUDOFDWDODQD6RQQHFHVDULDV\XUJHQWHVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDV FRPRHODOTXLOHUVRFLDOORVPHFDQLVPRVGHVHJXQGDRSRUWXQLGDGRODGDFLyQHQSDJRDILQ GHUHYHUWLUHVWDVLWXDFLyQ  ,QWURGXFFLyQ (OREMHWLYRGHHVWHHVWXGLRHVHYDOXDUHOHVWDGRGHVDOXGGHODVSHUVRQDVFRQSUREOHPDVSDUD KDFHUIUHQWHDODKLSRWHFDHQ&DWDOXxDUHSUHVHQWDGDVSRUORVPLHPEURVGHOD3ODWDIRUPDGH $IHFWDGRVSRUOD+LSRWHFD 3$+ \FRPSDUDUORFRQHOGHODSREODFLyQJHQHUDO8QREMHWLYR VHFXQGDULRHVPHGLUHOHVWDGRGHVDOXGGHODVSHUVRQDVGHOD3$+HQODVGLIHUHQWHVHWDSDVGHO SURFHVRGHHMHFXFLyQKLSRWHFDULD  $FRQWLQXDFLyQVHUHYLVDQORVDVSHFWRVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQODFULVLVODYLYLHQGD\ODVSROtWLFDVGH YLYLHQGDHQQXHVWURHQWRUQR\WDPELpQHOHIHFWRGHOSURFHVRGHGHVDKXFLRHQODVDOXGSDUD SRVWHULRUPHQWHVHJXLUFRQODPHWRGRORJtDORVUHVXOWDGRV\ODVFRQFOXVLRQHVGHOHVWXGLR  /DFULVLVHFRQyPLFD\VXLPSDFWRHQODYLYLHQGDHQHO(VWDGRHVSDxRO &RQHOHVWDOOLGRGHODFULVLVGHODVKLSRWHFDVVXESULPHHQODJUDQUHVWULFFLyQGHOFUpGLWRD QLYHOLQWHUQDFLRQDODIHFWyIXHUWHPHQWHHOVHFWRULQPRELOLDULRHVSDxROTXHVHKDEtDSRVLFLRQDGR FRPRXQRGHORVVHFWRUHVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVHQODHFRQRPtDGHOSDtV3DUDOHODPHQWHVHSURGXMRXQ SURJUHVLYRDXPHQWRGHOGHVHPSOHRGHXQHQDXQGXUDQWHHOVHJXQGRWULPHVWUH GH\ODUHVXOWDQWHLQFDSDFLGDGGHSDJRGHODYLYLHQGDSRUSDUWHGHPLOHVGHIDPLOLDVPXFKDV VREUHHQGHXGDGDVGHELGRDODOLEHUDOL]DFLyQGHOFUpGLWRGXUDQWHORVDxRVGHOERRPLQPRELOLDULR $OHPDQ\HWDO   (VWDVLWXDFLyQKDSURYRFDGRTXHODSpUGLGDGHODYLYLHQGDVHKD\DFRQYHUWLGRHQXQJUDYH SUREOHPDVRFLDO 'DSRQWH0DWHR 9iVTXH]9HUD (QWUHHODxR\HOWHUFHUWULPHVWUH  Barcelona Societat 5HYLVWDGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ\DQiOLVLVVRFLDO              'LFLHPEUH  3DODEUDVFODYHVDOXGVDOXGPHQWDO KLSRWHFDSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDV 2 GHHQHO(VWDGRHVSDxROVHLQLFLDURQSURFHGLPLHQWRVGHHMHFXFLyQKLSRWHFDULD IXHURQRUGHQDGRVGHVDKXFLRV\HMHFXWDGRV/DPD\RUtDVHFRUUHVSRQGLHURQFRQ YLYLHQGDVKDELWXDOHV SRUHMHPSORXQHQHOSHULRGR  %DQFRGH(VSDxD &RQVHMR*HQHUDOGHO3RGHU-XGLFLDO 6LQHPEDUJRHVWDVLWXDFLyQQRVyORDIHFWDDODV SHUVRQDVFRQGHXGDVKLSRWHFDULDVVLQRTXHWDPELpQDIHFWDDODVTXH\DQRSXHGHQKDFHUIUHQWHDO DOTXLOHU'HKHFKRHQHOSHULRGRXQGHORVGHVDKXFLRVOOHYDGRVDFDERIXHURQ SRULPSDJRGHODOTXLOHUPLHQWUDVTXHXQORIXHSRUHMHFXFLRQHVKLSRWHFDULDV &RQVHMR *HQHUDOGHO3RGHU-XGLFLDO $KRUDELHQHQHOFDVRGHODVKLSRWHFDVHOWHPDHVPiVJUDYH \DTXHVyORXQDSURSRUFLyQREWLHQHODGDFLyQHQSDJR SRUHMHPSORXQHQ ORTXH LPSOLFDHQPXFKRVFDVRVPDQWHQHUODGHXGDDSHVDUGHKDEHUWHQLGRTXHGHMDUODYLYLHQGD %DQFR GH(VSDxD   3ROtWLFDV\PHGLGDVGHOD$GPLQLVWUDFLyQDQWHODFULVLVGHODYLYLHQGD +DVWDHOPRPHQWRDFWXDOODVUHVSXHVWDVGHOD$GPLQLVWUDFLyQDQWHHVWDFULVLVGHODYLYLHQGDQRKDQ FRQVHJXLGRVROXFLRQDUHOSUREOHPD\DTXHODVPHGLGDVDGRSWDGDVDQLYHOHVWDWDOVRQ LQVXILFLHQWHV3RUHMHPSORHQVHDSUREyHO5HDO'HFUHWR/H\GHGHPDU]RGH PHGLGDVXUJHQWHVGHSURWHFFLyQGHGHXGRUHVKLSRWHFDULRVVLQUHFXUVRV(VWHGHFUHWRLPSOLFDEDXQ ©FyGLJRGHEXHQDVSUiFWLFDVEDQFDULDVªTXHWHQtDFRPRREMHWLYRSURWHJHUDODVIDPLOLDVDIHFWDGDV FRQPHGLGDVFRPRODVGDFLRQHVHQSDJRQHJRFLDGDV1RREVWDQWHHOFDUiFWHUYROXQWDULRGHOD PHGLGDODIDOWDGHQRUPDVTXHREOLJDUDQDOFXPSOLPLHQWRSRUSDUWHGHODVHQWLGDGHVILQDQFLHUDV\ ODVHVWULFWDVFRQGLFLRQHVH[LJLGDVDODVIDPLOLDVSDUDDFRJHUVHDORVEHQHILFLRVKLFLHURQTXHHVWD PHGLGDIUDFDVDUD 3LVDUHOOR 8QDVLWXDFLyQVLPLODURFXUULyFRQHO5HDO'HFUHWR/H\ GHGHQRYLHPEUHTXHPiVTXHUHQHJRFLDUODGHXGDSUHWHQGtDGHWHQHUWHPSRUDOPHQWHORV GHVDORMRVGHODVIDPLOLDVPiVYXOQHUDEOHV/DVGLItFLOHVFRQGLFLRQHVSDUDDFRJHUVHDODPRUDWRULD DVtFRPRRWURVDVSHFWRVPiVFRQWURYHUWLGRVFRPRODREOLJDFLyQGHODVIDPLOLDVGHDFXGLUDOD PLVPDHQWLGDGILQDQFLHUDTXHODVKDEtDGHVDORMDGRSDUDVROLFLWDUXQDYLYLHQGDKLFLHURQ QXHYDPHQWHODPHGLGDLQVDWLVIDFWRULD3RVWHULRUPHQWHHQHODxRVHDSUREyOD/H\ GHGHPD\RFRPRDOWHUQDWLYDDOD,QLFLDWLYD/HJLVODWLYD3RSXODU ,/3 VXUJLGDHQHQ FXDQWRDODSURSXHVWDGHOH\GHUHJXODFLyQGHODGDFLyQHQSDJRGHSDUDOL]DFLyQGHORV GHVDKXFLRV\GHDOTXLOHUVRFLDOTXHIXHUHFKD]DGDSRUHOSDUODPHQWRHVSDxRO(VWD/H\ LQWURGXMRRWUDVHULHGHPHGLGDVSDUDUHIRU]DUODSURWHFFLyQDORVGHXGRUHVKLSRWHFDULRV(QWUHHOODV VHHQFXHQWUDQODIOH[LELOL]DFLyQGHODVFRQGLFLRQHVTXHGHEtDQFXPSOLUODVIDPLOLDVSDUDDFFHGHUD ODSDUDOL]DFLyQGHOGHVDKXFLR SDUWLFXODUPHQWHHODXPHQWRGHOOtPLWHGHLQJUHVRVSHUFLELGRV OD LQFOXVLyQGHPHGLGDVSDUDSURWHJHUDORVDYDOLVWDVODOLPLWDFLyQGHORVLQWHUHVHVGHULYDGRVGHO UHWUDVRGHOSDJRGHODKLSRWHFDODSURKLELFLyQGHOYHQFLPLHQWRDQWLFLSDGRGHODGHXGDKDVWDTXHQR VHKXELHUDQSURGXFLGRWUHVLPSDJRVXQDPD\RUUHJXODFLyQGHOPHUFDGRKLSRWHFDULRHWF6LQ HPEDUJRQRVHJDQyHOIDYRUGHODFRPXQLGDG\DTXHDSHVDUGHSUHVHQWDUVHFRPRXQD DOWHUQDWLYDDOD,/3SRUSDUWHGHO*RYHUQFHUUyODSXHUWDDODSRVLELOLGDGGHUHJXODUXQDGDFLyQHQ SDJRJHQHUDOL]DGD\GHMyIXHUDODPD\RUtDGHLGHDVGHOD,/3 $JHUR2UWL] (QORV~OWLPRV WLHPSRVH[LVWHQH[SHULHQFLDVSURPHWHGRUDVFRPRHVHOFDVRGHOD,QLFLDWLYD/HJLVODWLYD3RSXODU VREUHPHGLGDVFRQWUDODHPHUJHQFLDKDELWDFLRQDO\ODSREUH]DHQHUJpWLFDFRQYHUWLGDHQ/H\HQ &DWDOXxD /H\ ODFXDOODPHQWDEOHPHQWHKDVLGRUHFLHQWHPHQWHSDUDOL]DGDSRUHO 7ULEXQDO&RQVWLWXFLRQDORODVPHGLGDVDQLYHOORFDOTXHFDGDYH]PiVD\XQWDPLHQWRVHVWiQ GHVDUUROODQGR  /DUHVSXHVWDVRFLDODOSUREOHPDOD3ODWDIRUPDGH$IHFWDGRVSRUOD+LSRWHFD $QWHHVWDIDOWDGHUHVSXHVWDVSRUSDUWHGHOD$GPLQLVWUDFLyQODVSHUVRQDVDIHFWDGDV\DTXHOODV VROLGDULDVFRQHVWDVLWXDFLyQGHFULVLVGHODYLYLHQGDVHKDQRUJDQL]DGRFRPRXQDDOWHUQDWLYDSDUD ODVIDPLOLDVDIHFWDGDVSRUODFULVLV\ORVSUREOHPDVSDUDKDFHUIUHQWHDOSDJRGHODYLYLHQGD'H KHFKRKD\DXWRUHVTXHSODQWHDQTXHODIDOWDGHFRQILDQ]DHQODVRUJDQL]DFLRQHVSROtWLFDVIRUPDOHV FRQGXFHDODVRFLHGDGFLYLODRUJDQL]DUVHSRUVtPLVPD(VWHDXPHQWRGHODSDUWLFLSDFLyQVH UHODFLRQDUtDFRQHIHFWRVSRVLWLYRVHQODSREODFLyQHQWUHORVTXHGHVWDFDXQPD\RU HPSRGHUDPLHQWRRXQDPHMRUDGHODVDOXG$GHPiVHVWHHIHFWRVHUtDPiVLPSRUWDQWHHQ VRFLHGDGHVPiVLQHTXLWDWLYDV &REXUQ,VODP0HUOR.DZDFKL/LQGVWU|P *HUGWKDP   3 $VtHQVHFRQVWLWX\HXQRGHORVPRYLPLHQWRVVRFLDOHVDFWXDOHVPiVLQIOX\HQWHVGHOSDtVOD 3ODWDIRUPDGH$IHFWDGRVSRUOD+LSRWHFD 3$+ 6XREMHWLYRHVGDUUHVSXHVWDDODVLWXDFLyQHQOD TXHYLYHQPLOHVGHIDPLOLDVDQWHXQPDUFROHJDOTXHDIHFKDGHKR\QRKDSURWHJLGRVXVLQWHUHVHV IUHQWHXQDIXHUWHFRQWUDSDUWHFRPRHVHOFDVRGHODVHQWLGDGHVILQDQFLHUDVLQYROXFUDGDVHQORV FRQWUDWRVKLSRWHFDULRV &RODX $OHPDQ\ ,QLFLDOPHQWHVXSULQFLSDOFRQVLJQDHUDPRGLILFDU ODOHJLVODFLyQKLSRWHFDULDSDUDSHUPLWLUODGDFLyQHQSDJRMXQWRFRQIRPHQWDUODDXWRRUJDQL]DFLyQ GHODVSHUVRQDVDIHFWDGDVPXFKDVGHHOODVDIHFWDGDVSVLFROyJLFDPHQWHSDUDSURPRYHUDVtXQD PD\RUHILFDFLDFROHFWLYD $OHPDQ\HWDO (QHVWHSODQSVLFRVRFLDOXQRGHORVJUDQGHV ORJURVKDVLGRGLVPLQXLUODVHQVDFLyQGHFXOSD\IUXVWUDFLyQGHODVSHUVRQDVDIHFWDGDV D\XGiQGRODVDGLULJLUODDWHQFLyQKDFLDORVDFWRUHVUHVSRQVDEOHVGHOIHQyPHQRDQLYHOHVWUXFWXUDO \DVtSRGHUHQFRQWUDUVROXFLRQHVPiVHIHFWLYDV  /DFRPSOHMLGDGGHODWDUHDKDKHFKRTXHOD3$+DGHPiVVHKD\DSODQWHDGRPHWDVDFRUWR\ PHGLRSOD]RFRPRVRQLPSHGLUORVGHVDORMRVGHODVIDPLOLDVDIHFWDGDVFRQVHJXLUDOWHUQDWLYDVGH UHDORMDPLHQWRUD]RQDEOHV\DERJDUSRUHODXPHQWRGHOSDUTXHGHYLYLHQGDVRFLDO $OHPDQ\HWDO  6XIXHUWHLPSDFWRPHGLiWLFRKDORJUDGRLQVWDODUODSUREOHPiWLFDGHODYLYLHQGDHQODRSLQLyQ S~EOLFDFRVDTXHOHKDVXPDGRHOLQWHUpVGHRWURVDFWRUHVVRFLDOHV$VtFRQWULEX\HURQ DFWLYDPHQWHHQODSURPRFLyQGHODLQLFLDWLYDOHJLVODWLYDSRSXODUGHODxR\\D PHQFLRQDGDV  $FWXDOPHQWHOD3ODWDIRUPDFXHQWDFRQPiVGHDJUXSDFLRQHV3$+H[WHQGLGDVDQLYHOORFDOSRU WRGRHOWHUULWRULRGHO(VWDGRHVSDxROKDORJUDGRGHWHQHUGHVDKXFLRV\UHDORMDU SHUVRQDV$GHPiVKDOOHYDGRDFDERXQDVHULHGHFDPSDxDVTXHKDQORJUDGRSRVLFLRQDUHOWHPD GHODYLYLHQGDHQODDJHQGDDFWXDOWDQWRGHQWURFRPRIXHUDGHO(VWDGRLQWHQWDQGRUHLYLQGLFDUOD YLYLHQGDFRPRXQGHUHFKR\DOLYLDUHOVXIULPLHQWRGHPLOHVGHIDPLOLDVDIHFWDGDV 3$+   (OULHVJRGHGHVDKXFLR\ODVDOXG +R\HQGtDHVDPSOLDPHQWHDFHSWDGDODYLQFXODFLyQHQWUHODYLYLHQGD\ODVDOXG'HKHFKR\DHQOD pSRFDYLFWRULDQDHVSRVLEOHHQFRQWUDUHVWXGLRVTXHUHODFLRQDQODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHYLYLHQGDFRPR HOKDFLQDPLHQWR\ODPDODKLJLHQHFRQSUREOHPDVGHVDOXGFRPRODWXEHUFXORVLV %RQQHIR\  3HURQRVyORORVDVSHFWRVItVLFRVGHODYLYLHQGDDIHFWDQDODVDOXGVLQRTXHKD\XQDVHULHGH IDFWRUHVFRPRSRUHMHPSORDVSHFWRVSVLFRVRFLDOHVOHJDOHV\HFRQyPLFRVGHODYLYLHQGDTXH WDPELpQSXHGHQDIHFWDUDODVDOXG6HKDQHODERUDGRGLIHUHQWHVPRGHORVWHyULFRVTXHLQWHQWDQ H[SOLFDU\VLWXDUODYLYLHQGDFRPRXQGHWHUPLQDQWHGHODVDOXG3RUHMHPSORHQHODxR1RYRD HWDOGHVDUUROODURQXQPRGHORHQHOTXHVHGHVFULEHQXQDVHULHGHIDFWRUHVHVWUXFWXUDOHV FRPRHO VLVWHPDGHYLYLHQGD\ODVSROtWLFDVGHOHVWDGRGHELHQHVWDU TXHGHWHUPLQDQHODFFHVRDXQD YLYLHQGDDGHFXDGD(VWHHVWDUtDFRPSXHVWRSRUFXDWURGLPHQVLRQHVGRVGHUHODFLRQDGDVFRQOD YLYLHQGDSURSLDPHQWHGLFKD DVSHFWRVItVLFRVGHKDELWDELOLGDG\DVSHFWRVOHJDOHV\HFRQyPLFRV DVRFLDGRVDODDVHTXLELOLGDGFRVWHV\HVWDELOLGDG \GRVUHIHUHQWHVDODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHOEDUULR GRQGHVHXELFD DVSHFWRVItVLFRV\ODFRPXQLGDG 7RGDVHVWDVGLPHQVLRQHVLQIOXHQFLDUtDQHQOD VDOXGItVLFD\PHQWDOGHODSREODFLyQSHURHQGLIHUHQWHIUHFXHQFLD\PDJQLWXGVHJ~QORVHMHVGH GHVLJXDOGDGFRPRVRQODHGDGHOVH[RODHWQLDRODSRVLFLyQVRFLRHFRQyPLFD 1RYRDHWDO   4XHGiQGRQRVVyORFRQXQDSDUWHGHHVWHPDUFRWHyULFRYHPRVFRPRORVDVSHFWRVOHJDOHV\ HFRQyPLFRVGHODYLYLHQGD TXHDOPLVPRWLHPSRHVWiQGHWHUPLQDGRVSRUIDFWRUHVSROtWLFRV\ HFRQyPLFRVHVWUXFWXUDOHV SXHGHQDIHFWDUDODVDOXG$HVWHUHVSHFWR\SULQFLSDOPHQWHDSDUWLUGH ODFULVLVVHKDQGHVDUUROODGRFLHUWDVSUXHEDVVREUHFyPRHOULHVJRGHVHUGHVDKXFLDGRGHOD YLYLHQGDUHSHUFXWHQHJDWLYDPHQWHHQODVDOXG 7VDL $VtODPD\RUSDUWHGHSUXHEDV FLHQWtILFDVPXHVWUDQTXHODVSHUVRQDVTXHYLYHQEDMRODDPHQD]DGHVHUGHVDKXFLDGDVGHVX YLYLHQGDVXIUHQHIHFWRVQHJDWLYRVHQVXVDOXGPHQWDO3RUHMHPSORKD\HVWXGLRVTXHPXHVWUDQ PD\RUHVJUDGRVGHGHSUHVLyQDQVLHGDGGLVWUpVSVLFROyJLFRHLQFOXVRPD\RUHVWDVDVGHVXLFLGLR HQWUHODVSHUVRQDVDIHFWDGDVDOFRPSDUDUODVFRQODSREODFLyQQRH[SXHVWDDHVWHSUREOHPD %DWVRQ 0RQQDW%ROtYDU0XxR]HWDO&DQQXVFLRHWDO&RRN 'DYLV *LOL5RFD%DVX0F.HH 6WXFNOHU+RXOH /LJKW3URKDVND /LFKWHQVWHLQ 9iVTXH]9HUD5RGUtJXH]6DQ]3DOqQFLD %RUUHOO 7DPELpQVHKDYLVWRTXHHVWHWLSRGH 4 LQVHJXULGDGUHVLGHQFLDODIHFWDDODVDOXGItVLFDGHODVSHUVRQDVODVFXDOHVSXHGHQVXIULUPiV IUHFXHQWHPHQWHGHKLSHUWHQVLyQDUWHULDOXRWUDVHQIHUPHGDGHVFUyQLFDVWHQHUXQDSHRUVDOXGDXWR SHUFLELGD\VXIULUFRQPiVIUHFXHQFLDYLROHQFLDGRPpVWLFD\PDOWUDWRLQIDQWLO %ROtYDU0XxR]HWDO &ROOLHU*RXELO)ULRX[HWDO-RQHV6TXLUHV 5RQ]LR9iVTXH]9HUDHW DO )LQDOPHQWHYLYLUEDMRODDPHQD]DGHVHUGHVDKXFLDGRSRGUtDIDYRUHFHUODDGRSFLyQGH KiELWRVSRFRVDOXGDEOHVFRPRHODXPHQWRGHOFRQVXPRGHDOFRKRO 0XOLD=HPRUH0XUSK\/LX  &DWDODQR0XUSK\=HPRUH 0XOLD=HPRUH0XOLD-RQHV:HEE/LX 6FKPLGW  WDEDTXLVPRXQDGLHWDEDMDHQIUXWDV\YHUGXUDVRVHGHQWDULVPR %ROtYDU0XxR]HWDO    (QHOFDVRGH(VSDxDWDPELpQKD\HVWXGLRVTXHFRQILUPDQHVWDWHQGHQFLD*LOLHWDOXWLOL]DQGR GDWRVGHSDFLHQWHVGHDWHQFLyQSULPDULDHQFRQWUDURQTXHHQWUH\H[LVWLyXQDXPHQWR HQODVFRQVXOWDVSRUGHSUHVLyQDVRFLDGDVDORVSUREOHPDVGHSDJRGHODKLSRWHFDRDOKHFKRGH KDEHUVLGRGHVDKXFLDGR *LOLHWDO 3RURWUDSDUWH1RYRDHWDOHYLGHQFLDURQTXHODV SHUVRQDVFRQSUREOHPDVGHLQVHJXULGDGUHVLGHQFLDODWHQGLGDVSRU&iULWDVGH%DUFHORQDWHQtDQ SHRUVDOXGTXHODSREODFLyQJHQHUDOLQFOXVRDOFRPSDUDUORVFRQODVFODVHVVRFLDOHVPiV GHVIDYRUHFLGDV$GHPiVDTXHOORVTXHDOFDERGHXQDxRGHVHJXLPLHQWRPHMRUDURQVXV FRQGLFLRQHVGHDVHTXLELOLGDGGHODYLYLHQGDWDPELpQPHMRUDURQVXVFRQGLFLRQHVGHVDOXG $PDWHW DO1RYRDHWDO )LQDOPHQWH%ROLYDUHWDOHQFRQWUDURQTXHODVSHUVRQDVDGXOWDV DIHFWDGDVSRUXQSURFHVRGHGHVDKXFLRHQODFLXGDGGH*UDQDGDSUHVHQWDEDQPiVSUREDELOLGDGHV GHVXIULUHQIHUPHGDGHVSVLTXLiWULFDV\FDUGLRYDVFXODUHVDGHPiVGHKiELWRVPHQRVVDOXGDEOHVDO FRPSDUDUORVFRQODSREODFLyQJHQHUDOGH$QGDOXFtD %ROtYDU0XxR]HWDO   /RVPHFDQLVPRVTXHH[SOLFDQODUHODFLyQHQWUHHOSURFHVRGHGHVDKXFLR\ODPDODVDOXGQRHVWiQ GHOWRGRFODURV3RUXQODGRVHWHRUL]DTXHHOSURFHVRGHGHVDKXFLRDIHFWDDODVDOXGDWUDYpVGH ODSpUGLGDPDWHULDOGHODYLYLHQGD\SRUORWDQWRODIDOWDGHIDFWRUHVSURWHFWRUHVSDUDODVDOXGTXH LPSOLFDHOKHFKRGHWHQHUXQKRJDUSURSLR3RURWUDSDUWHWDPELpQDIHFWDHOSURFHVRHQVtPLVPR DVtDOJXQRVHVWXGLRVEDVDGRVHQXQDSHUVSHFWLYDSVLFRVRFLDOVXJLHUHQTXHHOPLHGR\ODIDOWDGH FRQWUROHOLPSDFWRHQHOHVWDWXVVRFLDOODYHUJHQ]DRHOVHQWLPLHQWRGHIUDFDVRHVWDUtDQWUDVOD DVRFLDFLyQHQWUHHOSURFHVRGHOGHVDKXFLR\ORVUHVXOWDGRVHQVDOXG 1HWWOHWRQ %XUURZV 5RVV 6TXLUHV    0pWRGRV (VWHHVXQHVWXGLRWUDQVYHUVDOEDVDGRHQXQDHQFXHVWDDXWRDGPLQLVWUDGDHQOtQHD)RUPDSDUWH GHOSUR\HFWRHXURSHR623+,( KWWSZZZVRSKLHSURMHFWHXLQGH[KWP \VHKDUHDOL]DGRHQ FRODERUDFLyQFRQHO2EVHUYDWRULRGH'HUHFKRV(FRQyPLFRV6RFLDOHV\&XOWXUDOHV '(6& OD3$+ \HOJUXSR(PLJUDGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH%DUFHORQD/DHQFXHVWDVHODQ]yHOGH VHSWLHPEUHGHYtD,QWHUQHWDWUDYpVGHODSiJLQDZHEGHOD3$+XWLOL]DQGRHOVRIWZDUHJUDWXLWR 6XUYH\0RQNH\6HFHUUyHOGHQRYLHPEUHGHFRQUHVSXHVWDVSURYHQLHQWHVGHWRGR HO(VWDGRHVSDxRO'HHVWDVUHVSXHVWDVVHHVFRJLHURQVyORDTXHOODVTXH SURYHQtDQGH &DWDOXxD ODSHUVRQDHQFXHVWDGDKDEtDWHQLGRXQDUHODFLyQGLUHFWDFRQODKLSRWHFD\ OD SHUVRQDKDEtDOOHJDGRKDVWDOD~OWLPDSDQWDOODGHODHQFXHVWD\SRUORWDQWRKDEtDUHVSRQGLGRD WRGDVODVSUHJXQWDV(QWRWDOVHFRQVLJXLHURQUHVSXHVWDV KRPEUHV\PXMHUHV   $ODSHUVRQDTXHFRQWHVWDEDODHQFXHVWDVHOHSHGtDTXHODFRPSOHWDUDVyORXQDSHUVRQDGHVX XQLGDGIDPLOLDUDVtKDEtDDSDUWDGRVTXHVHUHIHUtDQDOHQFXHVWDGR\RWURVTXHVHUHIHUtDQDWRGDOD XQLGDGIDPLOLDU/DHQFXHVWDHVWDEDHVWUXFWXUDGDHQGLIHUHQWHVDSDUWDGRV$OJXQRVHVWDEDQ UHODFLRQDGRVFRQODYLYLHQGD\ODVLWXDFLyQKDELWDFLRQDORWURVHUDQPiVGHWLSRVRFLRHFRQyPLFR DOJXQRVVHFHQWUDEDQHQHOLPSDFWRHQORVQLxRVGHOKRJDU\KDEtDXQRHVSHFtILFRGHVDOXGGHOD SHUVRQDHQFXHVWDGD\GHXQRGHVXVKLMRVRKLMDVHQFDVRGHTXHWXYLHUD  (QHVWHDUWtFXORVyORVHH[SOLFDUiQORVUHVXOWDGRVGHVDOXGGHODSHUVRQDHQFXHVWDGD(QFRQFUHWR VHGLVFXWLUiQORVUHVXOWDGRVHQFXDQWRDOHVWDGRGHVDOXGDXWRSHUFLELGRODPDODVDOXGPHQWDO\ORV GRORUHVGHFDEH]DIUHFXHQWHVGHODVSHUVRQDVGHDxRVRPiV3DUDYHUFXiOHVHOQLYHOGH 5 VDOXGGHODVSHUVRQDVDIHFWDGDVSRUODKLSRWHFD\VLODVLWXDFLyQGHYXOQHUDELOLGDGHFRQyPLFD\GH YLYLHQGDHQODTXHYLYHQOHVSXHGHHVWDUDIHFWDQGRODVDOXGORVUHVXOWDGRVKDQVLGRFRPSDUDGRV FRQORVGHOJOREDOGHODSREODFLyQFDWDODQDDWUDYpVGHOD(QFXHVWDGH6DOXGGH&DWDOXxDGH (6&$ (VWRV~OWLPRVSRUFHQWDMHVKDQVLGRHVWDQGDUL]DGRVVHJ~QODGLVWULEXFLyQHQJUXSRV GHHGDGGHODSREODFLyQGHODHQFXHVWDGHOD3$+SDUDTXHODGLIHUHQWHGLVWULEXFLyQGHHGDGHVQR DIHFWHDORVUHVXOWDGRV7DPELpQVHKDTXHULGRHVWXGLDUODHYROXFLyQGHOHVWDGRGHVDOXGGXUDQWH HOSURFHVRGHHMHFXFLyQKLSRWHFDULD\SRUHOORVHKDPRVWUDGRHOHVWDGRGHVDOXGHQODVGLIHUHQWHV HWDSDVGHOSURFHVR5HVXOWDGRVPiVGHWDOODGRVKDQVLGRSXEOLFDGRVSUHYLDPHQWH 9iVTXH]9HUD HWDO    5HVXOWDGRV (QODILJXUDVHKDUHSUHVHQWDGRHOHVWDGRGHVDOXGDXWRSHUFLELGR(OHVWDGRGHVDOXGDXWR SHUFLELGRHVXQDSUHJXQWDVREUHFyPRODSHUVRQDVLHQWHTXHHVVXVDOXG5HFRJHODSHUFHSFLyQ GHOHVWDGRGHVDOXGItVLFR\PHQWDO\VHKDGHPRVWUDGRTXHHVXQEXHQSUHGLFWRUGHODHQIHUPHGDG \GHODPXHUWH ,GOHU %HQ\DPLQD 6HREVHUYDFRPRHOSRUFHQWDMHGHKRPEUHV HQFXHVWDGRVTXHGHFODUDQWHQHUXQDPDODVDOXG VDOXGUHJXODURPDOD HVGHXQPLHQWUDVTXH HVWHSRUFHQWDMHHVGHXQHQHOJOREDOGHORVKRPEUHVFDWDODQHV(QFXDQWRDODVPXMHUHV FDVLXQGHFODUDVXIULUPDODVDOXGVLHQGRHVWHSRUFHQWDMHGHXQHQHOWRWDOGHPXMHUHV FDWDODQDV(QDPERVFDVRVODSUREDELOLGDGGHWHQHUPDODVDOXGHQODVSHUVRQDVDIHFWDGDVSRUOD KLSRWHFDFDVLWULSOLFDDODGHODSREODFLyQFDWDODQD   (QODILJXUDVHKDUHSUHVHQWDGRHOSRUFHQWDMHGHSHUVRQDVFRQPDODVDOXGPHQWDO(VWHLQGLFDGRU KDVLGRFUHDGRDSDUWLUGHSUHJXQWDVTXHIRUPDQSDUWHGHODHVFDODGHDQVLHGDG\GHSUHVLyQGHO &XHVWLRQDULR*HQHUDOGH6DOXGGH*ROGEHUJ 6KDSLUR6NLQQHU.UDPHU6WHLQZDFKV 5HJLHU  \UHSUHVHQWDHOQLYHOGHPDOHVWDUPHQWDODFWXDO(VFDSD]GHGHWHFWDUDQVLHGDG\GHSUHVLyQ GLVIXQFLyQVRFLDO\IDOWDGHFRQILDQ]D  6HREVHUYDTXHHQWUHORVKRPEUHVDIHFWDGRVSRUODKLSRWHFDXQWHQGUtDPDODVDOXGPHQWDO PLHQWUDVTXHHQHOJOREDOGHORVKRPEUHVFDWDODQHVODWHQGUtDQDOUHGHGRUGHXQ(QODV PXMHUHVHVWRVSRUFHQWDMHVVRQGHXQHQDTXHOODVFRQSUREOHPDVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQODKLSRWHFD \GHXQHQHOJOREDOGH&DWDOXxD$VtSXHVSDUHFHVHUTXHORVSUREOHPDVPHQWDOHVVHUtDQORV TXHHVWDUtDQPiVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQHOKHFKRGHSHUGHURHVWDUHQULHVJRGHSHUGHUODYLYLHQGD\D 6 TXHODSUHYDOHQFLDGHSUREOHPDVHVPXFKRPiVDOWDHQWUHODJHQWHDIHFWDGDSRUODKLSRWHFD FDVL YHFHVPiVHQORVKRPEUHV\YHFHVPiVHQODVPXMHUHV \DTXHFDVLODWRWDOLGDGGHODVSHUVRQDV WHQGUtDQPDODVDOXGPHQWDO  7DPELpQVHKDHVWXGLDGRODSUHVHQFLDGHPLJUDxDRGRORUHVGHFDEH]DIUHFXHQWHV(VWHHVXQ WUDVWRUQRTXHDIHFWDDXQSRUFHQWDMHHOHYDGRGHODSREODFLyQ\TXHSRGUtDHVWDUUHODFLRQDGRFRQHO HVWUpV\ODDQVLHGDGTXHSRGUtDVXSRQHUHOSURFHVRKLSRWHFDULR  0iVGHOGHORVKRPEUHV\HOGHODVPXMHUHVHQFXHVWDGDVGHFODUDQKDEHUVXIULGR PLJUDxD\GRORUHVGHFDEH]DIUHFXHQWHVGXUDQWHORV~OWLPRVPHVHV(QODSREODFLyQJHQHUDO FDWDODQDHVWRVSRUFHQWDMHVGLVPLQX\HQKDVWDYDORUHVGHOGHORVKRPEUHV\HOGHODV PXMHUHV ILJXUD    7 &DEHVHxDODUTXHSDUDWRGRVORVLQGLFDGRUHVPHGLGRVODVPXMHUHVSUHVHQWDQXQDVDOXGSHRU VDOXGTXHORVKRPEUHV(VWHKHFKR\DKDVLGRDPSOLDPHQWHGHVFULWRHQODELEOLRJUDItD/DV GHVLJXDOGDGHVGHJpQHURHQVDOXGVHH[SOLFDQSRUODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHYLGD\WUDEDMRGHODVPXMHUHV PHQRVSRGHUHVWDWXV\UHFXUVRVHFRQyPLFRV \WDPELpQSRUTXHVXHOHQVXIULUPiVHQIHUPHGDGHV FUyQLFDVDORODUJRGHODYLGD $UEHU .KODW0DOPXVL$UWD]FR]%HQDFK %RUUHOO   /DUHODFLyQHQWUHHOHVWDGRGHVDOXG\ODVIDVHVGHODVLWXDFLyQKLSRWHFDULDGHORVKRPEUHV\ PXMHUHVGHODPXHVWUDODSRGHPRVYHUHQODILJXUD(QFRQFUHWRODVIDVHVGHODVLWXDFLyQ KLSRWHFDULDVHUtDQDOFRUULHQWHGHOSDJR DSHVDUGHSRGHUWHQHUGLILFXOWDGHVSDUDSDJDUOD KLSRWHFD WHQHUKDVWDWUHVLPSDJRVWHQHUPiVGHWUHVLPSDJRVSHURQRKDEHUUHFLELGRD~QOD GHPDQGDKDEHUUHFLELGRODGHPDQGDSHURQRODRUGHQKDEHUUHFLELGRODRUGHQGHGHVDKXFLR KDEHUVLGRGHVDKXFLDGR\KDEHUFRQVHJXLGRODGDFLyQHQSDJR FRQRVLQDOTXLOHUVRFLDO 7DQWRHQ KRPEUHVFRPRHQPXMHUHVSDUHFHTXHODVDOXGHVWiUHODFLRQDGDFRQODIDVHGHODVLWXDFLyQ KLSRWHFDULD DXQTXHHQPXMHUHVHVHVWDGtVWLFDPHQWHVLJQLILFDWLYD\HQKRPEUHVQR 3RUHMHPSOR DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHXQGHORVKRPEUHVTXHHVWiQDOFRUULHQWHRWLHQHQKDVWDWUHVLPSDJRV WLHQHQPDODVDOXGORVTXHWLHQHQPiVGHWUHVLPSDJRVKD\DQUHFLELGRODGHPDQGDRQR UHSUHVHQWDQXQGHPDODVDOXGXQGHORVTXHKDQUHFLELGRODRUGHQGHHMHFXFLyQWLHQHQ PDODVDOXGPLHQWUDVTXHHOSRUFHQWDMHGHPDODVDOXGHQWUHORVTXH\DKDQVLGRGHVDKXFLDGRVHV GHXQ$VtSXHVVHYHFODUDPHQWHFRPRODPDODVDOXGDXPHQWDFRQIRUPHVHDYDQ]DHQHO SURFHVRGHGHVDKXFLR7DPELpQSDUHFHTXHORVTXHKDQFRQVHJXLGRODGDFLyQHQSDJRHVWDUtDQ PHMRU GHPDODVDOXG TXHORVTXHKDQVLGRGHVDKXFLDGRV\QRODKDQFRQVHJXLGR  (QFXDQWRDODUHODFLyQHQWUHODPDODVDOXGPHQWDO\ODVLWXDFLyQKLSRWHFDULDDXQTXHHQHVWHFDVR ODVSUHYDOHQFLDVGHPDODVDOXGPHQWDOVRQPX\DOWDVHQWRGRVORVFDVRVODVPiVEDMDVODV HQFRQWUDPRVHQWUHDTXHOORVTXHHVWiQDOFRUULHQWHGHSDJR GHPDODVDOXGPHQWDOHQ KRPEUHV\HQPXMHUHV /DVSUHYDOHQFLDVPiVDOWDVODVHQFRQWUDPRVHQDTXHOORVTXH\DKDQ UHFLELGRODRUGHQGHGHVDKXFLR GHPDODVDOXGPHQWDO SRVLEOHPHQWHSRUHOHVWUpVTXH FRQOOHYDHOKHFKRGHVDEHUTXHHQFXDOTXLHUPRPHQWRSXHGHQVHUGHVDKXFLDGRV$XQTXHORV 8 VLJXHQORVTXHWLHQHQKDVWDWUHVLPSDJRV GHPDODVDOXGPHQWDOHQKRPEUHV\HQ PXMHUHV WDOYH]SRUORVJUDQGHVHVIXHU]RVTXHGHEHQKDFHUSDUDSRGHUKDFHUIUHQWHDORVSDJRV (QHVWHFDVRODVLWXDFLyQKLSRWHFDULDVHDVRFLDVLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWHDODPDODVDOXGPHQWDOWDQWRHQ KRPEUHVFRPRHQPXMHUHV   /LPLWDFLRQHV<)RUWDOH]DV (QSULPHUOXJDUKD\TXHGHFLUTXHHVWHHVWXGLRHVUHSUHVHQWDWLYR~QLFDPHQWHGHODVSHUVRQDVFRQ SUREOHPDVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQODKLSRWHFDTXHVHSXVLHURQHQFRQWDFWRFRQOD3$+RDFFHGLHURQDOD SiJLQDZHEGHOD3$+\SRUWDQWRQRHVUHSUHVHQWDWLYRGHWRGDODSREODFLyQFRQSUREOHPDVSDUD KDFHUIUHQWHDODKLSRWHFD$GHPiVHOLGLRPDGHODHQFXHVWDIXHHOFDVWHOODQR\SRUWDQWRSXHGH TXHVHLQIUDUUHSUHVHQWDUDQORVLQPLJUDQWHVFRQSUREOHPDVSDUDKDFHUIUHQWHDODKLSRWHFDSHURTXH QRGRPLQDUDQHVWDOHQJXDDGHPiVVyORORSXGLHURQFRQWHVWDUDTXHOODVSHUVRQDVFRQFRQH[LyQD ,QWHUQHWDXQTXHHQODVVHGHVGHOD3$+VHGLVSRQtDGHRUGHQDGRUHVFRQDFFHVRD,QWHUQHW\GH YROXQWDULRVTXHD\XGDEDQDFXPSOLPHQWDUODHQFXHVWD  1RREVWDQWHWDPELpQIXHXQDSULPHUDDSUR[LPDFLyQDORVHIHFWRVHQODVDOXGGHORVSUREOHPDV SDUDSDJDUODKLSRWHFD\ORVSURFHVRVGHHMHFXFLyQKLSRWHFDULDHQXQHQWRUQRGRQGHHOWHPDKD VLGRSRFRHVWXGLDGRFRPRHVHOFDVRGH(VWDGRHVSDxRO$GHPiVQRVSHUPLWLyHVWXGLDUXQD SREODFLyQGHGLItFLODFFHVRGHODTXHQRKD\HVWDGtVWLFDVRILFLDOHVHQHVWHSDtV   &RQFOXVLRQHV (VWHHVWXGLRKDOOHJDGRDODFRQFOXVLyQGHTXHODVSHUVRQDVFRQSUREOHPDVSDUDKDFHUIUHQWHDOD KLSRWHFD\HQSURFHVRVGHHMHFXFLyQKLSRWHFDULDWLHQHQSHRUHVLQGLFDGRUHVGHVDOXGTXHOD SREODFLyQJHQHUDOFDWDODQD6RQQHFHVDULDV\XUJHQWHVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVFRPRHODOTXLOHUVRFLDO ORVPHFDQLVPRVGHVHJXQGDRSRUWXQLGDGRODGDFLyQHQSDJRDILQGHUHYHUWLUHVWDVLWXDFLyQ    9 $JUDGHFLPLHQWRV /RVDXWRUHVTXLHUHQDJUDGHFHUDOD3$+\DVXVPLHPEURVVXSDUWLFLSDFLyQHQHOHVWXGLRDVtFRPR DOREVHUYDWRULR'(6&TXHOLGHUyWRGRHOSURFHVR(VWHHVWXGLRKDVLGRSDUFLDOPHQWHILQDQFLDGRSRU HOSUR\HFWR623+,( )3JUDQWDJUHHPHQW $OJXQRVUHVXOWDGRVGHHVWH HVWXGLRVHPXHVWUDQHQHOYtGHR$FFHVRDODYLYLHQGD\VDOXG KWWSVZZZ\RXWXEHFRPZDWFK"Y LI9FKW<4    %LEOLRJUDItD $JHUR2UWL]$  0HGLGDVLQWURGXFLGDVSRUOD/H\FRPSDUDWLYDFRQHO5'/ \HOVRWHUUDPLHQWRGHOD,/35HYLVWD&(6&2GH'HUHFKRGH&RQVXPR±  $OHPDQ\$&RODX$(VFRULKXHOD,2GRQLD$3LGHPRQW03LVDUHOOR* 9HUQLD6  (PHUJHQFLDKDELWDFLRQDOHQHOHVWDGRHVSDxRO%DUFHORQD  $PDW-0DOPXVL'1RYRD$0'tD])'DUQHOO03OXMj0«%RUUHOO&  &DQYLV HQO¶KDELWDWJHLVDOXWHQSREODFLyYXOQHUDEOH%DUFHORQD  $UEHU6 .KODW0  ,QWURGXFWLRQWR³VRFLDODQGHFRQRPLFSDWWHUQLQJRIZRPHQ´VKHDOWKLQ DFKDQJLQJZRUOG¶6RFLDO6FLHQFH 0HGLFLQH    ±5HWULHYHGIURP KWWSZZZQFELQOPQLKJRYSXEPHG  %DQFRGH(VSDxD  1RWDLQIRUPDWLYDVREUHORVSURFHVRVGHHMHFXFLyQKLSRWHFDULDVREUH YLYLHQGDV0DGULG6SDLQ  %DWVRQ& 0RQQDW6  'LVWUHVVLQWKH'HVHUW1HLJKERUKRRG'LVRUGHU5HVLGHQW 6DWLVIDFWLRQDQG4XDOLW\RI/LIHGXULQJWKH/DV9HJDV)RUHFORVXUH&ULVLV8UEDQ$IIDLUV5HYLHZ 7KRXVDQG2DNV&DOLIRUQLD   ±GRL'LVWUHVV  %ROtYDU0XxR]-%HUQDO6RODQR00DWHR5RGUtJXH],'DSRQWH&RGLQD$(VFXGHUR (VSLQRVD&6iQFKH]&DQWDOHMR&«9LOD&DVWHOODU-  >7KHKHDOWKRIDGXOWVXQGHUJRLQJ DQHYLFWLRQSURFHVV@*DFHWDVDQLWDULD6(63$6  ± GRLMJDFHWD  %RQQHIR\;  ,QDGHTXDWHKRXVLQJDQGKHDOWKDQRYHUYLHZ,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI (QYLURQPHQWDQG3ROOXWLRQ  ±GRL,-(3  &DQQXVFLR&&$OOH\'(3DJiQ-6ROGR%.UDVQ\66KDUGHOO0«/LSPDQ7+  +RXVLQJVWUDLQPRUWJDJHIRUHFORVXUHDQGKHDOWK1XUVLQJ2XWORRN  ± GRLMRXWORRN  &REXUQ'  %H\RQGWKHLQFRPHLQHTXDOLW\K\SRWKHVLVFODVVQHROLEHUDOLVPDQGKHDOWK LQHTXDOLWLHV6RFLDO6FLHQFH 0HGLFLQH  ±GRL6  ;  &RODX$ $OHPDQ\$  9LGDV+LSRWHFDGDV%DUFHORQD$QJOH(GLWRULDO  &ROOLHU*RXELO'  $VSDWLDODQDO\VLVRIWKHHIIHFWVRIQHLJKERUKRRGGHSULYDWLRQDQGKRPH IRUHFORVXUHVRQGRPHVWLFYLROHQFH863UR4XHVW,QIRUPDWLRQ^ `/HDUQLQJ  &RQVHMR*HQHUDOGHO3RGHU-XGLFLDO  'DWRVVREUHHOHIHFWRGHODFULVLVHQORVRUJDQRV MXGLFLDOHV'HVGHKDVWDWHUFHUWULPHVWUHGH0DGULG  &RRN7% 'DYLV06  $VVHVVLQJOHJDOVWUDLQVDQGULVNRIVXLFLGHXVLQJDUFKLYHGFRXUW GDWD6XLFLGHDQG/LIH7KUHDWHQLQJ%HKDYLRU  ±GRLM ;[ 10  'DSRQWH$0DWHR, 9iVTXH]9HUD+  /RVGHVDKXFLRV\ODVDOXGVHQHFHVLWDXQD UHVSXHVWDGHVGHODVDOXGS~EOLFDHQ(VSDxD*DFHWD6DQLWDULD6(63$6,Q3UHVV GRL6    )ULRX[6:RRG-1)DNH\H2/XDQ;/RFDOLR5 5XELQ'0  /RQJLWXGLQDO $VVRFLDWLRQRI&RXQW\/HYHO(FRQRPLF,QGLFDWRUVDQG&KLOG0DOWUHDWPHQW,QFLGHQWV0DWHUQDODQG &KLOG+HDOWK-RXUQDO -XQH GRLV  *LOL05RFD0%DVX60F.HH0 6WXFNOHU'  7KHPHQWDOKHDOWKULVNVRIHFRQRPLF FULVLVLQ6SDLQHYLGHQFHIURPSULPDU\FDUHFHQWUHVDQG(XURSHDQ-RXUQDORI3XEOLF +HDOWK  ±GRLHXUSXEFNV  +RXOH-1 /LJKW07  7KHKRPHIRUHFORVXUHFULVLVDQGULVLQJVXLFLGHUDWHVWR $PHULFDQ-RXUQDORI3XEOLF+HDOWK  ±GRL$-3+  ,GOHU(/ %HQ\DPLQL<  6HOIUDWHGKHDOWKDQGPRUWDOLW\DUHYLHZRIWZHQW\VHYHQ FRPPXQLW\VWXGLHV-RXUQDORI+HDOWKDQG6RFLDO%HKDYLRU  ±5HWULHYHGIURP KWWSZZZQFELQOPQLKJRYSXEPHG  ,VODP0.0HUOR-.DZDFKL,/LQGVWU|P0 *HUGWKDP8*  6RFLDOFDSLWDODQG KHDOWKGRHVHJDOLWDULDQLVPPDWWHU"$OLWHUDWXUHUHYLHZ,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDOIRU(TXLW\LQ+HDOWK   GRL  -RQHV$6TXLUHV*' 5RQ]LR&  )RUHFORVXUHLVQRWDQHTXDORSSRUWXQLW\VWUHVVRU KRZLQHTXDOLW\IXHOVWKHDGYHUVHKHDOWKLPSOLFDWLRQVRIWKHQDWLRQ¶VILQDQFLDOFULVLV-RXUQDORI8UEDQ $IIDLUV  ±GRLMXDI  0DOPXVL'$UWD]FR]/%HQDFK- %RUUHOO&  3HUFHSWLRQRUUHDOLOOQHVV"+RZFKURQLF FRQGLWLRQVFRQWULEXWHWRJHQGHULQHTXDOLWLHVLQVHOIUDWHGKHDOWK(XURSHDQ-RXUQDORI3XEOLF+HDOWK   ±GRLHXUSXEFNU  0XOLD1=HPRUH6(0XUSK\5/LX+ &DWDODQR5  (FRQRPLFORVVDQGDOFRKRO FRQVXPSWLRQDQGSUREOHPVGXULQJWKHWR86UHFHVVLRQ$OFRKROLVP&OLQLFDODQG ([SHULPHQWDO5HVHDUFK  ±GRLDFHU  0XUSK\5'=HPRUH6( 0XOLD1  +RXVLQJ,QVWDELOLW\DQG$OFRKRO3UREOHPVGXULQJ WKH±865HFHVVLRQWKH0RGHUDWLQJ5ROHRI3HUFHLYHG)DPLO\6XSSRUW-RXUQDORI8UEDQ +HDOWK  ±GRLV]  1HWWOHWRQ6 %XUURZV5  :KHQD&DSLWDO,QYHVWPHQW%HFRPHVDQ(PRWLRQDO/RVV7KH +HDOWK&RQVHTXHQFHVRIWKH([SHULHQFHRI0RUWJDJH3RVVHVVLRQLQ(QJODQG+RXVLQJ6WXGLHV   ±GRL 1RYRD$0%RVFK-'tD])0DOPXVL''DUQHOO0 7ULOOD&  ,PSDFWRIWKHFULVLV RQWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQKRXVLQJDQGKHDOWK3ROLFLHVIRUJRRGSUDFWLFHWRUHGXFHLQHTXDOLWLHVLQ KHDOWKUHODWHGWRKRXVLQJFRQGLWLRQV*DFHWD6DQLWDULD  ± GRLMJDFHWD  1RYRD$0:DUG-0DOPXVL''tD])'DUQHOO07ULOOD&«%RUUHOO&  +RZ VXEVWDQGDUGGZHOOLQJVDQGKRXVLQJDIIRUGDELOLW\SUREOHPVDUHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKSRRUKHDOWKLQD YXOQHUDEOHSRSXODWLRQGXULQJWKHHFRQRPLFUHFHVVLRQRIWKHODWHV,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDOIRU (TXLW\LQ+HDOWK  GRLV]  3$+  3ODWDIRUPDGH$IHFWDGRVSRUOD+LSRWHFD 3$+ GHODEXUEXMDLQPRELOLDULDDOGHUHFKR DODYLYLHQGD5HWULHYHGIURPKWWSDIHFWDGRVSRUODKLSRWHFDFRP 11  3LVDUHOOR*  (OGHUHFKRDODYLYLHQGDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DFLyQGHELO\UHVLVWHQFLDVJDUDQWLVWDV (VSDoR-XULGLFR-RXUQDORI/DZ  ±  3URKDVND$ /LFKWHQVWHLQ%  /RVLQJDKRPHWRPRUWJDJHIRUHFORVXUHWHPSRUDU\ VHWEDFNRUFKURQLFVWUHVVRU"6RFLDO-XVWLFH  ±5HWULHYHGIURP KWWSVHDUFKSURTXHVWFRPGRFYLHZ"DFFRXQWLG   5RVV/0 6TXLUHV*'  7KH3HUVRQDO&RVWVRI6XESULPH/HQGLQJDQGWKH )RUHFORVXUH&ULVLV$0DWWHURI7UXVW,QVHFXULW\DQG,QVWLWXWLRQDO'HFHSWLRQ 6RFLDO6FLHQFH 4XDUWHUO\  ±GRLM[  6KDSLUR66NLQQHU($.UDPHU06WHLQZDFKV'0 5HJLHU'$  0HDVXULQJ QHHGIRUPHQWDOKHDOWKVHUYLFHVLQDJHQHUDOSRSXODWLRQ0HG&DUH  ±  7VDL$&  +RPHIRUHFORVXUHKHDOWKDQGPHQWDOKHDOWKDV\VWHPDWLFUHYLHZRILQGLYLGXDO DJJUHJDWHDQGFRQWH[WXDODVVRFLDWLRQV3OR62QH  H GRLMRXUQDOSRQH  9iVTXH]9HUD+5RGUtJXH]6DQ]03DOqQFLD/ %RUUHOO&  )RUHFORVXUHDQG+HDOWK LQ6RXWKHUQ(XURSH5HVXOWVIURPWKH3ODWIRUPIRU3HRSOH$IIHFWHGE\0RUWJDJHV-RXUQDORI8UEDQ +HDOWKௗ%XOOHWLQRIWKH1HZ&RQVXOWD0D\R@ &(&2'+$6+RXVLQJ(XURSH¶V2EVHUYDWRU\2012 Housing Europe Review. The nuts and volts of European social housing systems KWWSZZZKRXVLQJHXURSHHXILOHGRZQORDG >&RQVXOWD0D\R@ &LWLVFRSH 7RZDUGV +DELWDW ,,,  ³¢4Xp HV OD QXHYD DJHQGD XUEDQD"´ KWWSFLWLVFRSHRUJKDELWDW,,,H[SODLQHUTXHHVODQXHYDDJHQGDXUEDQD >&RQVXOWD  0D\R@ 15 'DYLV0LNH&LXGDGGHFXDU]R$UTXHRORJtDGHOIXWXURHQ/RVÈQJHOHV0DGULG/HQJXDGHWUDSR  'HFUHW/OHLGHGHPDUoGHPHVXUHVH[WUDRUGLQjULHVLXUJHQWVSHUDODPRELOLW]DFLyGHOV KDELWDWJHVSURYLQHQWVGHSURFHVVRVG H[HFXFLyKLSRWHFjULD KWWSSRUWDOGRJFJHQFDWFDWXWLOV($'233')SGI>&RQVXOWD$EULO@  'HOJDGR0DQXHO ³3UyORJR´(Q-DFREV-DQHMuerte y vida de las grandes ciudades1DYDUUD &DSLWDO6ZLQJ/LEURV 'HOJDGR0DQXHO³/DFLXWDWHQWUHQDWXUDLSDLVDWJH´(Q(OFRUGHOHVDSDUHQFHVGHPDUoGH KWWSPDQXHOGHOJDGRUXL]EORJVSRWFRPHVVHDUFK"T VLPPHO>&RQVXOWD$EULO@ 'HOJDGR0DQXHO ³6REUH OD LQYHQFLyQGHOKRJDU´(Q(OFRUGH OHVDSDUHQFHVGH IHEUHURGH  KWWSPDQXHOGHOJDGRUXL]EORJVSRWFRPHVVREUHODLQYHQFLRQGHOKRJDUKWPO"P  >&RQVXOWD0D\R@ (QJHOV)ULHGULFKEl problema de la vivienda%DUFHORQD*XVWDYR*LOL )DUKD /HLODQL Informe de la Relatora Especial sobre una vivienda adecuada como elemento integrante del derecho a un nivel de vida adecuado y sobre el derecho de no discriminación a este respecto  $JRVWR    KWWSVGRFXPHQWVGGV Q\XQRUJGRF81'2&*(113')1SGI"2SHQ(OHPHQW >&RQVXOWD  0D\R @ )DUKD /HLODQL Informe de la Relatora Especial sobre una vivienda adecuada como elemento integrante del derecho a un nivel de vida adecuado y sobre el derecho de no discriminación a este respecto  'LFLHPEUH    KWWSVGRFXPHQWVGGV Q\XQRUJGRF81'2&*(1*3')*SGI"2SHQ(OHPHQW >&RQVXOWD  0D\R @ )($176$ The EU Needs Stable and Inclusive Housing Markets  KWWSZZZIHDQWVDRUJVSLSSKS"DFWLRQ DFFHGHUBGRFXPHQW DUJ  FOH HGFHGIIF EHIEHEE ILOH SGI)VWDWHPHQWBRQBKRXVLQJBPDUNHWVBIRUPDWWHGSGI >&RQVXOWD 0D\R@ )HUQjQGH]*XLOOHPEl acceso a la vivienda social de las personas sin hogar. Estudio de casos: Alemania, España, Finlandia y Reino Unido  KWWSWGFDWFHVFDHVKDQGOH>&RQVXOWD0D\R@ )HUQiQGH]0DQX³/DFRQYHUJHQFLDGHGLVFLSOLQDVKDFLDXQDQXHYDIRUPDGHKDFHUFLXGDG´Urban interaction design YROXPHQ    S  KWWSZZZFLXGDGHVDHVFDODKXPDQDRUJXUEDQLQWHUDFWLRQGHVLJQODKWPO >&RQVXOWD  0D\R@ *DOGyQ*HPPD³(OGUHWDODFLXWDWVHJXUD´(Q,'+& GLULFRRUG El dret a la ciutat%DUFHORQD ,QVWLWXWGHOV'UHWV+XPDQVGH&DWDOXQ\D 6qULH'UHWV+XPDQV(PHUJHQWV  *OREDO 3ODWIRUP IRU WKH 5LJKW WR WKH &LW\  Recomendaciones sobre los derechos de las personas sin hogar / habitantes de calle el sinhogarismo en la nueva agenda mundial urbana y el hábitat KWWSZZZULJKWWRWKHFLW\SODWIRUPRUJEUHVSDQROVREUHORVGHUHFKRVGHODVSHUVRQDVVLQ KRJDU"ODQJ HV>&RQVXOWD0D\R@ *XLOOpQ$LGD ³(OGUHWD ODFLXWDWXQGUHWKXPjHPHUJHQW´ (Q ,'+& GLU L FRRUG El dret a la ciutat%DUFHORQD,QVWLWXWGHOV'UHWV+XPDQVGH&DWDOXQ\D 6qULH'UHWV+XPDQV(PHUJHQWV   *UHHQILHOG$GDPAgainst the smart city1XHYD&RQVXOWD$EULO@ /OHLGHGHGHVHPEUHGHOGUHWDO KDELWDWJH KWWSSRUWDOGRJFJHQFDWFDWXWLOV($'233')SGI>&RQVXOWD0D\R@ /OHLGHOGHMXOLROGHO LPSRVWVREUHHOVKDELWDWJHVEXLWVLGHPRGLILFDFLyGHQRUPHV WULEXWjULHVLGHOD/OHLKWWSSRUWDOGRJFJHQFDWFDWXWLOV($'233')SGI >&RQVXOWD0D\R@  /OHLGHOGHMXOLROGHPHVXUHVXUJHQWVSHUDDIURQWDUO HPHUJqQFLDHQO jPELWGH O KDELWDWJHLODSREUHVDHQHUJqWLFDKWWSSRUWDOGRJFJHQFDWFDWXWLOV($'233')SGI >&RQVXOWD0D\R@ 0RUH\0LJXHOEl orden de los acontecimientos. Sobre el saber narrativo%DUFHORQD(GLFLRQV  0X[t =DLGD ³$SXQWHV VREUH -DQH -DFREV´ (Q -DFREV -DQH Muerte y vida de las grandes ciudades1DYDUUD&DSLWDO6ZLQJ/LEURV 2$&8 Towards a New Urban Agenda, o de cómo los gobiernos pretenden someter nuestras vidas bajo la disciplina del valor de cambio [PARTE I]   KWWSVREVHUYDWRULFRQIOLFWHXUEDRUJEORJ KWWSVREVHUYDWRULFRQIOLFWHXUEDRUJWRZDUGVDQHZXUEDQDJHQGDRGHFRPRORV JRELHUQRVSUHWHQGHQVRPHWHUQXHVWUDVYLGDVEDMRODGLVFLSOLQDGHOYDORUGHFDPELRSDUWHL >&RQVXOWD0D\R@ 2EVHUYDWyULR GDV 0HWURSyOHV Cartas Urbanas: websérie sobre direito à cidade  KWWSZZZREVHUYDWRULRGDVPHWURSROHVQHWLQGH[SKS"RSWLRQ FRPBN YLHZ LWHP LG $FDU WDVXUEDQDVZHEV&$ULHVREUHGLUHLWR&$FLGDGH ,WHPLG  ODQJ SW >&RQVXOWD  0D\R@ 2OHD 6RQLD ³5HVSRQVHV RI UHJLRQDO JRYHUQPHQWV LQ 6SDLQ WR WKH KRXVLQJ HPHUJHQF\ DQG H[FOXVLRQ 7KH VRFLDO IXQFWLRQ RI KRXVLQJ´  (Q Housing Rights Watch KWWSZZZKRXVLQJULJKWVZDWFKRUJFRQWHQWUHVSRQVHVUHJLRQDOJRYHUQPHQWVVSDLQKRXVLQJ HPHUJHQF\DQGH[FOXVLRQVRFLDOIXQFWLRQKRXVLQJ>&RQVXOWD0D\R@ 218 +DELWDW 3RU XQ PHMRU IXWXUR XUEDQR Sobre nosotros. Historia, mandato y misiçon en el sistema de la ONU  KWWSHVXQKDELWDWRUJVREUHQRVRWURVKLVWRULDPDQGDWR\PLVLRQHQHO VLVWHPDGHODRQX"QRUHGLUHFW HVB(6>&RQVXOWD0D\R@ 218 +DELWDW 3RU XQ PHMRU IXWXUR XUEDQR Sobre nosotros. Objetivos y estrategias KWWSHVXQKDELWDWRUJVREUHQRVRWURVREMHWLYRV\HVWUDWHJLDV>&RQVXOWD0D\R@ 218+DELWDW  Carta Mundial por el Derecho a la Ciudad, KWWSZZZRQXKDELWDWRUJLQGH[SKS"RSWLRQ FRPBGRFPDQ WDVN GRFBGHWDLOV JLG  ,WHPLG  >&RQVXOWD0D\R@ 3LVDUHOOR*HUDUGR³'HOGUHWDO¶KDELWDWJHDOGUHWDODFLXWDWDYDWDUVG¶XQDKLVWRULD´(Q,'+& GLU LFRRUG El dret a la ciutat%DUFHORQD,QVWLWXWGHOV'UHWV+XPDQVGH&DWDOXQ\D 6qULH'UHWV +XPDQV(PHUJHQWV  17 3ULJRJLQH ,O\D 1HSWXQLDQRV \ 9XOFDQLDQRV (Q 3ULJRJLQH ,O\D ¿Tan sólo una ilusión?. Una exploración del caos al orden%DUFHORQD7XVTXHWV 3ROLV El Estatuto de la Ciudad. Nuevas herramientas para garantizar el derecho a la ciudad en Brasil,QVWLWXWR3ROLVKWWSZZZSROLVRUJEUXSORDGVSGI>&RQVXOWD$EULO@ 5HVROXFLyQGHO3DUODPHQWR(XURSHRGHGHMXQLRGHVREUHODYLYLHQGDVRFLDOHQOD8QLyQ (XURSHD  ,1,  KWWSZZZHXURSDUOHXURSDHXVLGHVJHW'RFGR"SXE5HI  (31216*0/7$37$'2&3')9(6>&RQVXOWD0D\R@ 6LPPHO*HRUJ ³)LORVRItD GHO SDLVDMH´(Q6LPPHO*HRUJEl individuo y la libertad 3HQtQVXOD %DUFHORQD 6LPPHO*HRUJ ³/DV JUDQGHV XUEHV \ OD YLGD GHO HVStULWX´ HQ6LPPHO*HRUJEl individuo y la libertad3HQtQVXOD%DUFHORQD   6HQQHWW5LFKDUGEl declive del hombre público. %DUFHORQD$QDJUDPD 6HQQHWW5LFKDUGVida urbana e identidad personal%DUFHORQD3HQtQVXOD =iUDWH0DUtD/RUHQD³(OGUHWDODFLXWDW OOXLWHVXUEDQHVSHUO¶DUWGHOERQYLXUH´(Q,'+& GLU L FRRUG El dret a la ciutat%DUFHORQD ,QVWLWXWGHOV'UHWV+XPDQVGH&DWDOXQ\D 6qULH'UHWV +XPDQV(PHUJHQWV                   (OPRGHOR+RXVLQJ)LUVW(Q(VSDxDUHVXOWDGRVDORVPHVHVGHOSURJUDPD +iELWDW 5REHUWR%HUQDG9DQHVD&HQMRU\5HEHFD